Possible Use of Lumpfish to Control Caligus elongatus Infestation on Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Mini Review
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-020-4466-5 ISSN 1672-5182, 2020 19 (5): 1133-1139 http://www.ouc.edu.cn/xbywb/ E-mail:[email protected]
Possible Use of Lumpfish to Control Caligus elongatus Infestation on Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Mini Review IMSLAND Albert K.1), 2), *, REMEN Mette3), BLOCH-HANSEN Karin4), SAGERUP Kjetil4), MATHISEN Remi5), MYKLEBUST Elisabeth A.6), and REYNOLDS Patrick7) 1) Akvaplan-niva Iceland Office, Akralind 4, 201 Kópavogur, Iceland 2) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, High Technology Center, 5020 Bergen, Norway 3) Akvaplan-niva, Trondheim Office, Havnegata 9, 7010 Trondheim, Norway 4) Akvaplan-niva, Framsenteret, 9296 Tromsø, Norway 5) Nordlaks Oppdrett AS, Post Box 224, 8455 Stokmarknes, Norway 6) Cermaq Finnmark AS, Markedsgata 3, 9510 Alta, Norway 7) GIFAS AS, Gildeskål, 8140 Inndyr, Norway (Received January 22, 2020; revised March 16, 2020; accepted May 16, 2020) © Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract In this mini review, we systematized current knowledge about the number of Caligus elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon in relation to the use of lumpfish as cleaner fish. The review was prompted by reports of an unusually large number of sea lice (C. elongatus) infestation of farmed salmon in northern Norway, Faroese Islands and Iceland and the urgent need to determine if common lumpfish can be used to reduce the number on farmed Atlantic salmon by actively grazing on sea lice. Available data from Norway clearly indicate that lumpfish grazes on C. elongatus, and it is possible to enhance this grazing with the assistances of livefeed conditioning prior to sea pen transfer and selective breeding. Observations from Iceland, Faroese Islands and Scotland also indicate that lumpfish can effectively lower infestations of C. elongatus on salmon. Overall, this mini review expresses that lumpfish can actively lower the number of C. elongatus on farmed Atlantic salmon. Key words
sea lice; Caligus elongatus; lumpfish; salmon farming; welfare
1 Introduction The sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis and various Caligus species, are ectoparasites of marine finfish (Copepoda: Caligidae). They have a major impact on salmonid aquaculture worldwide (Igboeli et al., 2012, 2014); they cause a loss of over €440 million in Norway annually (Abolofia et al., 2017). The lice live on the mucus and skin and in the blood of fish, resulting in wounds if not removed. The lice occur naturally on salmon in sea water and were described as early as in the middle of the 18th century (Torrissen et al., 2013). However, the problem has escalated with the commercial production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) in sea cages. The effectiveness of medicinal treatments by either bathing or oral administration may be affected by the development of reduced sensitivity, leading to reducing treatment efficacy. Therefore, more emphasis has being giving to mechanical treatments such as thermolicing and high pressu
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