Economic Costs and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Polio Eradication: A Long-Run Global Perspective
This paper estimates the costs and effectiveness of polio immunization and eradication activities from long-term global perspective. The effectiveness of immunization has been expressed in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years ( DALYs ) averted over the
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Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1354
2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.2
How Do We Calculate the Costs and the Effectiveness? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1356 Estimating Polio Cases With and Without Vaccination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357 Choosing a Flexible Equation for Empirical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357 Using the Estimated Equation for Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1358 Estimating the Disability Adjusted Life Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1359
3 3.1 3.1.1 3.2
Deriving the Cost Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1360 Cost Parameters for Routine Polio Immunization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1360 Price of Vaccine and Cost per Dose . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1361 Cost Parameters for Polio Eradication Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363
4 4.1 4.1.1 4.2 4.3
Global Cost and Effectiveness of Polio Vaccination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363 Number of Polio Cases Averted and Dalys Saved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363 Calculating the Effectiveness of Polio Vaccination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1366 Net Cost of Routine Polio Immunization and the Cost-Effectiveness Ratios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1368 Cost-Effectiveness of Polio Eradication Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1369
5
Conclusions and Policy Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1370 Summary Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1371
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Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2010 (USA)
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Economic Costs and Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Polio Eradication
Abstract: This paper estimates the costs and effectiveness of polio immunization and eradication activities from long-term global perspective. The effectiveness of immunization has been expressed in terms of Disability Adjusted Life Years (> DALYs) averted over the years 1970–2050 and the aggregate effectiveness was calculated using 2007 present values. The projected annual numbers of polio cases without vaccination were obtained from polio caseloads in pre-vaccination era in the USA and in Europe. Costs of routine polio immunization and eradication activities were also expressed in terms of 2007 dollars. The results indicate that polio immunization will prevent more than 42 millio
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