Edible marine algae: a new source for anti-mycobacterial agents
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Edible marine algae: a new source for anti-mycobacterial agents Goutam Mukherjee 1 & Balaram Mukhopadhyay 2 & Alok Kumar Sil 1 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 # Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. 2020
Abstract Tuberculosis is a dreaded disease, which causes innumerable death worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance strains makes the situation devastating. Therefore, for better management of public health, it is mandatory to search for new anti-mycobacterial agents. In this context, the current study investigated two edible marine algae, Ulva lactuca and Ulva intestinalis, for the probable source of new anti-mycobacterial agents. To test the anti-mycobacterial activity, alcoholic extracts of these two algae were spotted on the Mycobacterium smegmatis lawn. Upon incubation, clear zone was observed at the spots. It indicated that these two extracts have anti-mycobacterial activity. In addition, their anti-biofilm property was also tested. It was found that both the extracts inhibit the mycobacterial biofilm development as well as they can disperse the preformed mycobacterial biofilm. Since these two are capable of dispersing preformed mycobacterial biofilm, it is possible that in the presence of either of these two extracts, isoniazid and rifampicin can kill biofilm encapsulated mycobacterium in combinatorial therapy. Consistent with the hypothesis, rifampicin and isoniazid killed mycobacteria that were present in biofilm. Thus, these two extracts augment the activity of rifampicin and isoniazid upon biofilm dispersal. Moreover, treatment of different cell lines with these two extracts exhibited no or little cytotoxic effects. Thus, these two agents have the potential to be good therapeutic agents against mycobacterial diseases.
Introduction Considering the announcement of WHO, the “End TB strategy” necessitates the search for new effective anti-tubercular agents (Tomioka 2005; Kim et al. 2018). In this context, terrestrial and marine ecosystems contain potentially rich sources of novel antimicrobials. While terrestrial organisms have been extensively mined for their antimicrobial capacity, less is known about the antimicrobial potential of marine natural products (Shannon and Abu-Ghannam 2016). Generally, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-020-00823-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Alok Kumar Sil [email protected] Goutam Mukherjee [email protected] Balaram Mukhopadhyay [email protected] 1
Department of Microbiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
2
Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India
algae represent very diverse group of phototrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms. The most complex marine algae, such as blue green algae, red algae, and green algae, known as seaweeds, are wid
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