Effect of anti-fungal compound phytosphingosine in wheat root exudates on the rhizosphere soil microbial community of wa
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Effect of anti-fungal compound phytosphingosine in wheat root exudates on the rhizosphere soil microbial community of watermelon Chunxia Li & Qing Tian & Muhammad Khashi u Rahman & Fengzhi Wu
Received: 13 January 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and aims The relationship between wheat root exudates and watermelon rhizosphere microbial communities in wheat/watermelon cropping system is well documented now, however, less is known about the activity of allelochemicals in wheat root exudates against watermelon Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), and how it may influence belowground plantmicrobe interactions for disease control. Methods TLC board and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS techniques were used to isolate and analyze the composition of wheat root exudates, and responses of watermelon rhizosphere community against phytosphingosine were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Responsible Editor: Sven Marhan Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04702-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. Li : Q. Tian : M. K. u. Rahman : F. Wu (*) Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China e-mail: [email protected] C. Li : Q. Tian : M. K. u. Rahman : F. Wu Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region) Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China C. Li Department of Horticulture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
Results Total of 15 inhibitory compounds were identified in wheat root exudates and most of them were long chain alcohols. Due to highest mass spectral fragment ion matching with already known compounds, we selected phytosphingosine as a model component to study the influence of allelochemical compounds of wheat root exudates on FON and overall rhizosphere microbial community composition of watermelon. Treatment with phytosphingosine increased the diversity of total fungi and bacteria, and altered the compositions of their communities particularly at lower concentration. The abundances and relative abundances of certain potentially plant beneficial bacteria and pathogen-antagonistic fungi were stimulated at lower concentration, while potentially pathogenic fungi including FON were inhibited at different degree. Conclusions Phytosphingosine inhibited the FON directly, regulated the microbial community structure in watermelon rhizosphere and formed an environment not conducive to pathogen invasion, eventually alleviating the incidence of watermelon Fusarium wilt in wheat/ watermelon companion cropping system. Keywords Plant interactions . Rhizosphere . Allelochemicals . Sphingolipids . Sustainable agriculture
Introduction Watermelon Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (FON), is a major problem for watermelon production worldwide. Cropping systems
Plant Soil
such as intercropping and crop rotation have
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