Effect of dietary supplemental ascorbic acid and folic acid on the growth performance, redox status, and immune status o
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Effect of dietary supplemental ascorbic acid and folic acid on the growth performance, redox status, and immune status of broiler chickens under heat stress Ahmed Gouda 1 & Shimaa A. Amer 2 & Sherin Gabr 3 & Samar A. Tolba 2 Received: 16 November 2019 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental L-ascorbic acid (AA) and folic acid (FA) on broiler chickens under heat stress (HS) conditions when supplemented either alone or in combination. For this aim, the effect of these supplements on the broilers’ growth performance, some blood parameters, antioxidant, and immune status were evaluated. Hatchling Cobb-500 broilers (total = 240) were fed either corn and soybean meal-based diet (control group) or basal diet supplemented with 200 mg AA/kg diet, 1.5 mg FA/kg diet, or 200 mg AA plus 1.5 mg FA/kg diet, for 35 days during the summer months (n = 6 replicates/group, 10 birds/replicate). The minimum and maximum average temperatures ranged from 84.5 to 96.2 °F, and the relative humidity ranged from 68.5 to 76.5%. Supplemented vitamins either alone and (or) in combination increased (P < 0.01) broilers’ growth performance, thyroid hormones levels, insulin growth factor1, blood hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulin, heat shock protein70, total antioxidant capacity, catalase enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity, antibody titer against Newcastle disease virus, and decreased (P < 0.01) heterophil/lymphocytes. The effects (P < 0.01) of the supplemented vitamins on the analyzed parameters were better when they were added in combination. In conclusion, the combination of AA and FA at 200 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively, increased the broilers’ antioxidant status with coordinated improvement in the growth performance and health status under HS. Keywords Growth performance . Heat stress . Ascorbic acid . Folic acid . Broiler . Antioxidant
Introduction Nowadays, the need to boost poultry production in order to meet the insistent demand for animal protein is crucial due to growth in the human population worldwide (Bhalerao et al. 2014). One of the challenges facing the poultry industry is the elevated ambient temperature (Kadim et al. 2008). For growing broilers, the optimum performance temperature is possibly 18 to 22 °C. When the chickens’ thermos requirements are not met (average high temperature of 30 °C), heat stress can occur * Samar A. Tolba [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Animal Production Department, Agricultural & Biological Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 11865, Egypt
2
Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
3
Department of Poultry Breeding, Animal Production Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Dokki, Giza 12611, Egypt
(Lin et al. 2006). Heat stress is known to cause significant losses in poultry production due to adverse behavioral, physiological, and immunolog
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