Dietary Application of the Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 426951 Enhances Immune Status and Growth of Rainbow Trout (
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Dietary Application of the Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 426951 Enhances Immune Status and Growth of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Vaccinated Against Yersinia ruckeri Mehdi Soltani 1,2 & Komael Pakzad 1 & Ali Taheri-Mirghaed 1 & Saeed Mirzargar 1 & Seyed Pezhman Hosseini Shekarabi 3 & Parasto Yosefi 4 & Narges Soleymani 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2017
Abstract This study was aimed to assess the effect of oral application of Lactobacillus plantarum (2 × 107 CFU g−1 feed) as a probiotic on growth performance and immune status of vaccinated rainbow trout (29.5 ± 2 g) to yersiniosis at 16 ± 2 °C for 72 days. Fish were randomly allocated into 12 fiber glass tanks (4100 L) at a density of 80 fish per tank (240 fish per treatment). The results revealed that the activity of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in immunized fish fed with diet supplemented with probiotic (vaccine +probiotic) than that in the immunized group fed with basal diet (vaccine group) while no significant differences in levels of hematological parameters, complements, total IgM, proteins, and the intestine lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were detected. Also, significantly a better growth performance in terms of feed conversion ratio, weight gain, and thermal growth coefficient was seen in the vaccine + probiotic group than that in the vaccine group. These results indicate that feeding probiotic after vaccination can enhance the efficacy of immersion vaccination to Yersinia ruckeri. Keywords Lactobacillus plantarum . Yersinia ruckeri . Growth . Trout . Immune response
Introduction Aquaculture is the fastest growing livestock sector in the world and incidence of diseases is the major obstacle threatening its sustainability. One of the economically important bacterial diseases affecting salmonids, especially rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), is yersiniosis. Yersiniosis is an enteric red mouth disease, caused by Yersinia ruckeri which is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped * Mehdi Soltani [email protected] 1
Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Azadi Street, PO Box 14155-6453, Tehran, Iran
2
Center of Excellence of Aquatic Animal Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3
Department of Fisheries Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4
Central Research Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
enterobacterium. It was initially reported from Hagerman Valley in the USA in the 1950s in rainbow trout O. mykiss and then from fish farms producing trout around the world [1, 2]. The mortality in infected rainbow trout farms can reach up to 70%, and disease is considered a threat throughout the life cycle of the fish [3]. Prophylactic measures like vaccination and using pre- and probiotic regimes are able to reduce the severity of the disease [4–11]. It is generally accepted that a balance microbiota in the fish intestine can increasingly affect the disease
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