Effect of Different Frequencies of Electroacupuncture on Post-Stroke Dysphagia in Mice
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Effect of Different Frequencies of Electroacupuncture on Post-Stroke Dysphagia in Mice Shuqi Yao 1 & Yun Liu 1 & Shuai Cui 1 & Hongzhu Li 1 & Chang Ji 1 & Si Yuan 1 & Qiuping Ye 1 & Yu Zhang 1 & Nenggui Xu 1 Received: 30 July 2019 / Accepted: 13 May 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the optimum frequency of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of dysphagia after stroke. Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal, model, 2 Hz, 50 Hz, and 100 Hz groups. All mice received a photochemical ischemia, except the normal group. The EA parameters were 1 mA for 15 min, with different frequencies (2, 50, and 100 Hz) applied. After a three day treatment, neuronal activation was detected by the expression of c-Fos. A multi-channel electrophysiological technique was used to assess the discharge of contralateral neurons and the neuron types in each group. The concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the contralateral neurons was also examined. In addition, the dysfunction of swallowing in mice was calculated according to the lick counts and the lick–lick interval within a certain period of time. The number of c-Fos neurons (P < 0.05) and the expression of BDNF (P < 0.05) increased after the 2 Hz EA treatment. The total frequency of neuron discharge in the 2 Hz group increased compared with the model group (P < 0.05). The pattern of sorted neuron populations was similar between the normal and 2 Hz groups. Consistent with these results, the lick counts increased (P < 0.05) and the lick–lick interval decreased after the 2 Hz EA treatment, which indicated a functional improvement in swallowing. These results indicated that the 2 Hz EA treatment had a good effect on dysphagia after stroke. Keywords Electroacupuncture . Different frequency . Dysphagia . Electrophysiological
Abbreviations EA Electroacupuncture BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor TMS Transcranial magnetic stimulation PES Pharyngeal electrical stimulation PBS Phosphate-buffered saline PCA Principal component analysis EM Expectation maximization.
BSA M1 PSD NGF GAP-43 VLM NA CPG
Bovine serum albumin Primary motor cortex Power spectral density Nerve growth factor Growth associated protein-43 Ventrolateral medulla Nucleus ambiguus Central pattern generator
Shuqi Yao and Yun Liu contributed equally to this work. * Nenggui Xu [email protected]
Si Yuan [email protected]
Shuqi Yao [email protected]
Qiuping Ye [email protected]
Yun Liu [email protected]
Yu Zhang [email protected]
Shuai Cui [email protected] 1
Hongzhu Li [email protected] Chang Ji [email protected]
South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232 East Ring Road, Panyu District, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, People’s Republic of China
J Mol Neurosci
Introduction Dysphagia occurs in up to 81% of stroke patients (Meng et
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