Effect of extraction solvent on phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of skin and pulp of Tunis
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of extraction solvent on phenolic composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of skin and pulp of Tunisian red and yellow–orange Opuntia Ficus Indica fruits Ines El Mannoubi1,2,3 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) is widely cultivated in arid and semiarid areas of Tunisia and other parts of the world and reported to have sound biological activities. The current work aimed at investigating the effect of various solvent concentrations (80% acetone, 80% methanol and 80% ethanol) on extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity using three assays: DPPH, ABTS and FRAP and antibacterial activity of Red and yellow–orange (YO) OFI skin and pulp extracts. Results showed high content of polyphenols and flavonoids ranging from 3.046 to 86.287 µg GAE/mg DW and from 0.167 to 11.917 µg QE/mg DW respectively. Although pulp extracts had the highest extraction yield, skin extracts exhibited the highest TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity and in most cases the highest antibacterial activity. The 80% acetone extracts exhibited the lowest yield extraction but showed the highest TPC, TFC and the strongest antioxidant activity compared to the 80% methanol and 80% ethanol extracts except for Red pulp. Among all extracts, the 80% acetone YO skin extract showed the best TPC (86.287 µg GAE/mg DW), TFC (11.917 µg QE/mg DW). Moreover, it showed the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH I C50 = 0.784 mg/mL, ABTS IC50 = 0.829 mg/mL and FRAP EC50 = 1.285 mg/mL). The antibacterial activity tests showed that the 80% ethanol of YO skin extract had the most influence on the inactivation of the Gram-positive Enterococcus feacium bacteria type (zone of inhibition = 11.00 mm) compared to other extracts. In addition, the 80% acetone extracts showed better antibacterial activity compared to hydro-alcoholic extracts against other bacterial strains. Keywords Solvent extraction · Polyphenols · Scavenging activity · Reducing power · Antibacterial activity · Opuntia Ficus Indica
Introduction Phenolics are reported as one of the natural antioxidants that supply health welfare and safeguard human beings from degenerative chronic diseases. Research on using and identifying these chemical contents in foods have received significant attention in the last few decades [1, 2]. * Ines El Mannoubi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences of Gabes, University of Gabes, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
2
National Institute of Research and Physico‑Chemical Analysis, Biotech Pole of Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Al‑Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Opuntia Ficus Indica (OFI) is a tropical or subtropical plant belonging to Opuntia spp., one of the most important members of the Cactaceae [3, 4]. This plant grows widely in arid and semi-arid regions in
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