Proximate composition, lipid and phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of different ecotypes of Lupinus albus , Lu
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Proximate composition, lipid and phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity of different ecotypes of Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and lupinus angustifolius Nouha Ferchichi1,2,3 · Wael Toukabri1,3 · Urska Vrhovsek2 · Issam Nouairi3 · Andrea Angeli2 · Domenico Masuero2 · Ridha Mhamdi3 · Darine Trabelsi3 Received: 27 June 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Lupine seed represents an interesting, non-genetically modified, and low cost alternative to soybean as an important source of protein and oil. In this study, we compare seed protein, mineral, fiber and starch content, lipid and phenolic profile, and antioxidant properties of three lupine wild species (Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus, and lupinus angustifolius). For each lupine species, nutritional composition of different Tunisian ecotypes was compared to determine the influence of geographical origin on these compounds. Standard protocols and ultra-high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods were used. Results revealed that several compounds showed a significant difference between species as well as between local ecotypes and commercialized variety. L. albus seeds were shown characterized by the highest protein and oleic acid content and the lowest starch content. Results revealed that lipids and phenolics were highly influenced by the ecotype factor. Large differences were found between L. luteus ecotypes for oleic acid and linoleic acid content, ranging from 164.97 to 302.73 mg kg−1 DM and from 306.03 to 616.97 mg kg−1 DM, respectively. Little amount of miristoleic acid, lignoceric acid, and margaric acid were found in lupine seeds for the first time. For phenolic profile, interestingly to highlight for the first time the presence of morin dihydrate among lupines species, especially in L. tbk2 which showed the highest antioxidant activity. Keywords Lupine · Ecotypes · Protein · Lipids · Phenolics · Antioxidant activity
Introduction Grain legumes are the main source of vegetable protein, among which soybean presents the most common legume used in animal feed nutrition [1], and also in human nutrition as potential functional foods, called Soyfoods [2]. Due to the continued increase in the world population and the deficit in food and feed protein resources [3], studies are needed to * Darine Trabelsi [email protected] 1
Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092 El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
2
Food Quality and Nutrition Department, Fondazione Edmund Mach, IASMA Research and Innovation Centre, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
3
Laboratory of Legumes, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria(CBBC), BP 901 Hammam Lif 2050, Borj Cédria, Tunisia
investigate and explore other vegetable protein resources, especially in countries that cannot produce soybean due to the unfavorable climatic condition. Recent studies report that lupine may represent an interesting alternative to soybean as an importa
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