Effect of feeding different levels of discarded date palm ( Phoenix dactylifera ) on digestibility, milk yield, and comp
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Effect of feeding different levels of discarded date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) on digestibility, milk yield, and composition in Damani sheep Naveed Iqbal 1 & Muhammad Tahir Khan 1 & Haq Amanullah 2 & Israru Din 3 & Hamayun Khan 2 & Muqader Shah 2 & Muhammad Mushtaq 4 Received: 19 December 2018 / Accepted: 8 May 2019 # Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract Poor quality feed and lack of feed resource conservation in Pakistan are the major constraints influencing livestock production systems in the country. In the current study, we endeavored to ascertain the most favorable utilization of discarded date palm in sheep nutrition. Sixteen multiparous Damani sheep (average weight = 26 Kg) in the 2nd month of lactation were randomly distributed into four equal groups i.e., A, B, C, and D. They were fed with experimental rations supplemented with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% discarded date palm on dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, to investigate its impact on feed intake, digestibility coefficient, milk yield, and composition. The dry matter intake (DMI) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in groups C and D. Significant differences in dry matter digestibility (DMD) were noted among groups with mean values 50.2%, 56.4%, 65.2%, and 72.2%, respectively. Daily milk yield recorded for the groups was 842.00, 854.50, 921.00, and 960.00 (ml/day), respectively, showing a significant increase in groups C and D. However, investigating the mineral profile of milk, only calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in dates fed groups. In conclusion, significant utilization of discarded date palm can be achieved through incorporation of these wastes in small ruminant rations to get significant increases in DMI, DMD, and milk yield (MY), calcium (Ca) and copper (Cu) levels of milk. Keywords Date palm . Digestibility . Feed . Milk yield
Introduction Pakistan has sufficient date palm production capable of export to other countries. Sindh and Balochistan provinces of the country contribute > 90% of date production. The top Pakistani cultivars are Dhakki, Begum Jangi, Rabai, Aseel,
* Haq Amanullah [email protected] 1
Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
2
Department of Animal Health, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
3
Department of Livestock and Dairy Development, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
4
Department of Poultry Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
and Muzawati. Pakistani date is being sent out as new, dry, or chohara. Most date-preparing industries in Pakistan are situated in Khairpur District (Abul-Soad et al. 2015). The date palm has a monetary significance in light of its natural product, which is most nutritive and vitality giving food. Dates are rich in specific supplements i.e., sugars, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. The chemical composition and rumen degradability of wasted date palm were investigated by Sharifi et al. (2017); they concluded that was
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