Effect of green tea consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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REVIEW
Open Access
Effect of green tea consumption on blood lipids: a systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials Renfan Xu1, Ke Yang2, Sui Li2, Meiyan Dai2 and Guangzhi Chen2*
Abstract Background: Strong epidemiologic evidence indicates that green tea intake is protective against hyperlipidemia; however, randomized controlled studies have presented varying results. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a literature review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of green tea on blood lipids. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were electronically explored from inception to September 2019 for all relevant studies. Random effect models were used to estimate blood lipid changes between green tea supplementation and control groups by evaluating the weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The risk of bias for study was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s tests. Results: Thirty-one trials with a total of 3321 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. In general, green tea intake significantly lowered the total cholesterol (TC); WMD: − 4.66 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.36, − 2.96 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) and lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD:− 4.55 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 6.31, − 2.80 mg/dL; P < 0.0001) levels compared with those in the control. Green tea consumption did not affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; however, it reduced the triglycerides compared with that in the control (WMD: − 3.77 mg/dL; 95% CI: − 8.90, 1.37 mg/dL; P = 0.15). In addition, significant publication bias from funnel plots or Egger’s tests was not evident. Conclusions: Collectively, consumption of green tea lowers LDL cholesterol and TC, but not HDL cholesterol or triglycerides in both normal weight subjects and those who were overweight/obese; however, additional welldesigned studies that include more diverse populations and longer duration are warranted. Keywords: Green tea, Catechin, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Meta-analysis
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, accounting for approximately17.3 million deaths per year [1]. Hyperlipidemia, resulting from abnormalities due to lipid metabolism, causes atherosclerotic plaques and is considered a major risk factor for CVDs [2]. The previous study reports that * Correspondence: [email protected] 2 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
subjects with hyperlipidemia have a three-fold risk of heart attack compared with those with normal lipid levels [3]. Moreover, CVDs risk was found to reduce by 3% when the serum cholesterol decreased by 1% [4]. Although several synthetic lipid-lowering medications (fibrates, statins, and bile acid sequestrants) are available in the market, their lon
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