The Effect of Chronic Exercise Training on Leptin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The Effect of Chronic Exercise Training on Leptin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Michael V. Fedewa1 • Elizabeth D. Hathaway2 • Christie L. Ward-Ritacco3 Tyler D. Williams4 • Ward C. Dobbs1
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Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract Background Leptin is a hormone associated with satiety, lipid oxidation, energy expenditure, and energy homeostasis. To date, the current body of research examining the effect of chronic exercise training on leptin has yielded inconsistent results. Objective The purpose of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative estimate of the magnitude of change in leptin levels following participation in exercise interventions lasting C 2 weeks.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0897-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Michael V. Fedewa [email protected] Elizabeth D. Hathaway [email protected] Christie L. Ward-Ritacco [email protected] Tyler D. Williams [email protected]
Methods All studies included were peer-reviewed and published in English. To be included, studies randomized human participants to an exercise training group or nonexercise comparison group for an exercise training intervention. Leptin levels were measured at baseline, during, and/or after completion of the exercise training program. Random-effects models were used to aggregate a mean effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and identify potential moderators. Results Seventy-two randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and resulted in 107 effects (n = 3826). The mean ES of 0.24 (95% CI 0.16–0.32, p \ 0.0001) indicated a decrease in leptin following an exercise training program. A decrease in %Fat (b = - 0.07, p \ 0.01) was associated with a decrease in leptin after accounting for the type of control group (b = - 0.38, p \ 0.0001) used in each study. Conclusion These results suggest that engaging in chronic exercise training (C 2 weeks) is associated with a decrease in leptin levels for individuals regardless of age and sex. However, a greater decrease in leptin occurred with a decreased percentage of body fat.
Ward C. Dobbs [email protected] 1
Department of Kinesiology, The University of Alabama, 2003 Moore Hall, Box 870312, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0231, USA
2
Department of Health and Human Performance, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA
3
Department of Kinesiology, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
4
Department of Kinesiology, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
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M. V. Fedewa et al.
Key Points Research indicates that leptin plays a key role in the regulation of body weight, however the research regarding the effect of chronic exercise training on leptin has yielded inconsistent results. Our results indicate that a small decrease in leptin occurs following chronic exercise training. Observed decreases in leptin
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