Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, Leaf Histology and Rubisco Gene Expression of the Ficus del
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Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Plant Growth, Photosynthesis, Leaf Histology and Rubisco Gene Expression of the Ficus deltoidea Jack Var. deltoidea Jack Nik Nurnaeimah Nik Muhammad Nasir1 · Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1 · Khamsah Suryati Mohd1 · Noor Afiza Badaluddin1 · Normaniza Osman2 · Nashriyah Mat1 Received: 19 January 2019 / Accepted: 2 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the growth, photosynthesis, leaf histology, mineral uptake, phytochemical accumulation, and Rubisco gene expression in Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea, a slow growing medicinal plant. The F. deltoidea plants were spray-treated with 0 (control), 8, 16, 30 and 60 mM H2O2 under field conditions. The results showed that the applications of 30 mM H2O2 increased the plant height, leaf number, and syconium number by 26%, 9% and 2275%, respectively, over the control specimen. Photosynthetic rates, transpiration, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of F. deltoidae plants increased significantly after treatment of 30 mM H 2O 2. A lower concentration (8 and 16 mM) of H 2O2 also improved the leaf histological properties such as tracheary elements and other vascular cells. In addition, treatments with 30 mM H 2O2 increased calcium, potassium, total phenolic and flavonoids content, in F. deltoidea plants, by 14%, 15%, 12% and 72%, respectively. In addition, H 2O2 treatment at 30 mM concentration downregulated the Rubisco gene with a between 1 and 5 times fold gene expression change. From this study, it can be concluded that spraying with 30 and 16 mM of H 2O2 once a week enhanced growth, photosynthesis, mineral accumulation, phenol and flavonoid content, as well as aided Rubisco gene expression, under field conditions. Keywords Ficus deltoidea · Plant growth · Photosynthesis · Leaf histology · Rubisco gene
Introduction Ficus deltoidea, commonly known as mistletoe fig (Mas cotek), has received much attention in Malaysia and has become an international favourite due to its therapeutic properties and nutritional benefits. According to Nashriyah et al. (2012), in their botanical review of the F. deltoidea, the plant consists of fifteen recognised varieties in Malaysia, of which eight can be found in Sabah and Sarawak. Based on traditional medicine, almost all parts of the F. deltoidea plant including the roots, bark, stems, leaves and syconium are
* Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker [email protected] 1
School of Agriculture Science & Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, 22200 Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
believed to have medicinal properties. Ficus deltoidea has been utilised as an herbal remedy for alleviating postpartum depression, regulating blood pressure, increasing and recovering sexual desire
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