Effect of mouthwashes on the discoloration of bracket-bonded tooth surfaces: an in vitro study
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of mouthwashes on the discoloration of bracket-bonded tooth surfaces: an in vitro study Yasemin Nur Korkmaz 1 & Musa Bulut 1 Received: 4 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives This in vitro study aimed to investigate the color changes of the bracket-bonded tooth surfaces after the use of 4 different mouthwashes. Materials and methods A total of 100 human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 10 equal groups. Color values (L*a*b*) of the buccal surfaces of each tooth were assessed using a digital spectrophotometer. Then the brackets were bonded. The groups were put either in sterile saline (4 test+1 control) or artificial saliva (4 test+1 control) solutions, and test groups were immersed in their mouthwashes (Colgate Plax, Listerine Cool Mint, Klorhex, and Tantum Verde) for 1 min each in the morning/evening to simulate the mouth washing for 21 days after the bonding. After the debonding and finishing procedures, final color measurements were performed. Color changes (ΔE) were calculated. Results All of the parameters showed statistically significant differences among the groups. The least noticeable color changes were detected in the control groups. The most noticeable color change (ΔE) was observed in the Tantum Verde + artificial saliva group, followed by Tantum Verde + sterile saline and Klorhex + artificial saliva groups, all of which were significantly higher than the control groups. Conclusion The use of mouthwashes during orthodontic treatment may cause noticeable changes in tooth color. Listerine Cool Mint may be the choice of mouthwash with its less discoloring effects. Artificial saliva should be preferred in similar in vitro studies to reflect the oral environment better. Clinical relevance Mouthwash use during orthodontic treatment may result in different levels of enamel discoloration. Keywords Discoloration . Mouthwashes . Orthodontic bonding . Spectrophotometer
Introduction With the orthodontic treatment, patients expect to have a beautiful smile with well-aligned teeth. However, the brackets which are bonded on the teeth during orthodontic treatment change the plaque accumulation levels and increase dental plaque on the tooth surfaces. These may cause unaesthetic results such as demineralization, white spot lesions and even dental caries around the brackets. Gingival inflammation may also be
* Yasemin Nur Korkmaz [email protected] Musa Bulut [email protected] 1
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
observed as a result of increased plaque accumulation due to the difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene during fixed orthodontic treatment. Therefore, maintaining good oral hygiene is an important part of achieving good esthetic results [1]. Mechanical methods such as brushing and flossing are referred to as the gold standard in maintaining good oral hygiene [2]. But, in patients receiving orthodontic treatment, th
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