Effect of Movement Velocity During Resistance Training on Dynamic Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analys
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Effect of Movement Velocity During Resistance Training on Dynamic Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Timothy B. Davies1 • Kenny Kuang1 • Rhonda Orr1 • Mark Halaki1 Daniel Hackett1
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Ó Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017
Abstract Background Movement velocity is an acute resistancetraining variable that can be manipulated to potentially optimize dynamic muscular strength development. However, it is unclear whether performing faster or slower repetitions actually influences dynamic muscular strength gains. Objective We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to examine the effect of movement velocity during resistance training on dynamic muscular strength. Methods Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to movement velocity and resistance training. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: randomized and non-randomized comparative studies; published in English; included healthy adults; used isotonic resistance-exercise interventions directly comparing fast or explosive training to slower movement velocity training; matched in prescribed intensity and volume; duration C4 weeks; and measured dynamic muscular strength changes. Results A total of 15 studies were identified that investigated movement velocity in accordance with the criteria outlined. Fast and moderate-slow resistance training were found to produce similar increases in dynamic muscular strength when all studies were included. However, when intensity was accounted for, there was a trend for a small effect favoring fast compared with moderate-slow training when moderate intensities, defined as 60–79% one Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0676-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Daniel Hackett [email protected] 1
University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
repetition maximum, were used (effect size 0.31; p = 0.06). Strength gains between conditions were not influenced by training status and age. Conclusions Overall, the results suggest that fast and moderate-slow resistance training improve dynamic muscular strength similarly in individuals within a wide range of training statuses and ages. Resistance training performed at fast movement velocities using moderate intensities showed a trend for superior muscular strength gains as compared to moderate-slow resistance training. Both training practices should be considered for novice to advanced, young and older resistance trainers targeting dynamic muscular strength.
Key Points This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of movement velocity during resistance training on muscular strength. Analyses showed that fast and moderate-slow resistance training produce similar gains in muscular strength. Fast compared with moderate-slow resistance training performed at moderate intensities (60–79% one repetition maximum) showed a trend for superior gain
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