Effect of Resistance Training on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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GUIDELINES/CLINICAL TRIALS/META-ANALYSIS (WJ KOSTIS, SECTION EDITOR)
Effect of Resistance Training on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Subjects: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Júlio Ceciliato 1 & Eduardo C. Costa 2 & Luan Azevêdo 3 & Júlio C Sousa 3 & Rafael Y. Fecchio 3 & Leandro C. Brito 1,3
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of resistance training on arterial stiffness (AS) in healthy subjects. Two electronic databases (PubMed and Scielo) were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of dynamic and/or isometric resistance training stand-alone versus non-exercise control group on AS assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) in healthy subjects. Random-effects modeling was employed to compare delta changes (post–pre-intervention) in AS between the resistance training and control group. Data were reported as weighted mean difference (MD) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at 5%. Recent Findings A total of 10 studies involving 310 participants (46.5% female; resistance training groups, n = 194; control groups, n = 116) were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing changes from pre- to post-resistance training groups versus control groups, no differences were observed in PWV (MD − 1.33 cm/s (95% CI − 34.58 to 31.91), p = 0.94, I2 = 91%). Summary Resistance training stand-alone does not elicit changes (i.e., improvement or impairment) on AS in healthy subjects, but the high heterogeneity suggests influence of training protocol and/or personal characteristics that should be investigated in the future. Keywords Pulse wave velocity . Strength . Cardiovascular . Vascular
Introduction Arterial stiffness is a phenomenon characterized by losing compliance in large arteries, which is known as an independent risk factor for hypertension [1•] and cardiovascular mortality [2, 3]. The loss of compliance in the arteries causes augmented pulsatile stress, which favors the imbalance between degradation and synthesis of elastin fibers [4]. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is the gold standard method for This article is part of the Topical Collection on Guidelines/Clinical Trials/ Meta-Analysis * Leandro C. Brito [email protected] 1
School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000, Vila Guaraciaba, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
2
Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
3
School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, 65, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
measuring arterial stiffness, in which the rationale is laid on the velocity (e.g., higher velocities in less elastic vascular systems) [5••]. Along this line, if PWV increases 1 m/s, the risk of cardiovascular event and mortality rises 14% and 15%, respectively [6••]. Therefore, pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic approa
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