Phosphorus loss through surface runoff and leaching in response to the long-term application of different organic amendm
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SOILS, SEC 5 • SOIL AND LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY • RESEARCH ARTICLE
Phosphorus loss through surface runoff and leaching in response to the long-term application of different organic amendments on sloping croplands Keke Hua 1,2 & Bo Zhu 2 Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 17 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Sustaining crop yield and decreasing the environmental risk of phosphorus (P) loss are key challenges for P fertilization management, which is helpful for achieving the goals for agriculture sustainable development. The effects of the long-term application of different organic amendments on P loss through surface runoff and leaching on sloping croplands have not been studied until now. Materials and methods We simultaneously measured the P loss based on a long-term fertilization experiment using a lysimeter (8 × 4 m2) with four treatments: control (no fertilizer; CK), mineral fertilizer (MF), mineral fertilizer combined with swine manure (MFSM), and mineral fertilizer combined with crop straw (MFCS). Results and discussion Annual P loss loads through surface runoff and leaching in the MF treatment were 90.3 ± 29.4 and 39.2 ± 13.2 mg m−2, respectively. The quantitative relationship between soil P surplus and total P loss load was described by a positive linear function, which suggested that a total P loss of approximately 2.9 kg ha−1 occurred with each 100 kg ha−1 of P surplus. P recovery efficiencies in the MFSM and MFCS treatments increased obviously by 24.0% and 34.5%, whereas soil P surplus decreased by 10.5% and 62.4%, respectively. Overall, the yield-scaled total P losses for the MFSM and MFCS treatments decreased significantly by 71% and 200%, respectively, compared with the MF treatment (0.12 ± 0.04 kg t−1). Conclusions Long-term organic amendment application, especially for crop straw, effectively decreased P surplus and P loss, thereby increasing P efficiency. We recommend the combined application of mineral fertilizer with crop straw as a sustainable agronomic P management practice to achieve sustainable goals for development of the United Nations and the land degradation neutrality challenge. Keywords Phosphorus transport . Phosphorus surplus . Organic amendments . Long-term fertilization
1 Introduction Phosphorus (P) fertilization effectively enhances soil fertility and ensures crop yield (Gilbert 2009). When P fertilizer is not Responsible editor: Claudio Bini * Bo Zhu [email protected] 1
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling, Resources and Environment, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
2
Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, #9, Block 4, Renminnan Road, Chengdu 610041, China
reasonably applied, however, superabundant P surplus in the soil can cause P transport, aggravating aquatic environmental pollution (i.e., eutrophication) (King et al. 2015; Toor and S
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