Effect of oxidation on thermal fatigue behavior of cast tungsten carbide particle/steel substrate surface composite
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Effect of oxidation on thermal fatigue behavior of cast tungsten carbide particle/steel substrate surface composite Quan Shan1,a)
, Zaifeng Zhou1, Zulai Li1,b), Yehua Jiang1, Fan Gao1, Lei Zhang1,c)
1
School of Material Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; and Department of Mechanic and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected] b) e-mail: [email protected] c) e-mail: [email protected] Received: 5 November 2018; accepted: 13 February 2019
Cast tungsten carbide is widely used to reinforce iron or steel substrate surface composites to meet the demands of harsh wear environments due to its extremely high hardness and excellent wettability with molten steel. Cast tungsten carbide particle/steel matrix surface composites have demonstrated great potential development in applications under the abrasive working condition. The thermal shock test was used to investigate the fatigue behavior of the composites fabricated by vacuum evaporative pattern casting technique at different temperatures. At elevated temperatures, the fatigue behavior of the composites was influenced by the oxidation of tungsten carbide, producing WO3. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the W2C in the tungsten carbide particle was oxidized at an initial temperature of approximately 570 °C. The relationship between oxidation and thermal fatigue crack growth was investigated, and the results suggested that oxidation would become more significant with increasing thermal shock temperature. These findings provide a valuable guide for understanding and designing particle/steel substrate surface composites.
Introduction Cast tungsten carbide particles are widely used in composite manufacturing as a particle reinforcer due to their extremely high hardness, good performance at high temperature, great wettability with ferroalloys, and super wear resistance [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. As an extensively concerned metal matrix composite (MMC), significant efforts have been dedicated to studying the wear resistance and microstructure of cast tungsten carbide particle/steel composites [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Because of their great wettability with molten ferroalloys, tungsten carbide particles in ferroalloy matrices are rounded upon dissolution into the matrix and formation of an interface layer, indicating that the particle and matrix exhibit metallurgical bonding [1, 4, 6, 9]. The resulting properties provide good technical possibilities for industrial applications. Composite development has attracted significant attraction for the fabrication of high-performance materials [1, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]. The commercial availability of MMCs has been
ª Materials Research Society 2019
consistently increasing; therefore, information regarding their thermal properties and behavior is essential for practical applications [16]. However, the behavior of MMCs under thermal stresses remains largely u
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