Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the bioavailability of heavy metals in rice straw-derived biochar
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of pyrolysis temperature on the bioavailability of heavy metals in rice straw-derived biochar Tiexin Yang 1,2 & Jun Meng 1,2 & Paramsothy Jeyakumar 3 & Ting Cao 1,2 & Zunqi Liu 1,2 & Tianyi He 1,2 & Xuena Cao 1,2 & Wenfu Chen 1,2 & Hailong Wang 4,5 Received: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of heavy metals in biochar derived from rice straw with heavy metal enrichment, and the relationship between pyrolysis temperature and the stability of heavy metals in biochar. The concentrations of heavy metals of rice straw and biochar (pyrolyzed at 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C, and 900 °C) were measured. The experiments of extraction and leaching were conducted to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the stability of heavy metals in biochar. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the environmental risk of heavy metals from biochar. The pyrolysis temperature affected the pH, total C, total N, surface structure, functional groups, and the concentrations of heavy metals in biochar. After being pyrolyzed, the bioavailable DTPA fraction of total Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb of BC500, BC700, BC900, and BC900 decreased by 72.87%, 69.45%, 48.09% and 15.89%, respectively, in comparison with levels in rice straw. In addition, the leaching potential of heavy metals in biochar was significantly reduced. The pot experiment and the correlation analysis indicated that the pyrolysis temperature was not significantly related to the accumulation of heavy metals in aerial parts of rice seedlings. Increase in the pyrolysis temperature had a positive effect on increasing the stability and decreasing the mobility of heavy metals in biochar. However, the variations in the pyrolysis temperature were not the main factor to affect the uptake of heavy metals originated from biochar into the aerial parts of rice seedlings. Keywords Biochar . Bioavailability . Pyrolysis . Heavy metal . Stability
Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10193-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jun Meng [email protected] 1
Agronomy College, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
2
Liaoning Biochar Engineering and Technology Research Center, Shenyang 110866, China
3
Environmental Sciences, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
4
Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
5
Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang 311300, Hangzhou, China
Introduction Biochar is a carbon-rich and porous material derived from plant (Wu et al. 2012; Yang et al. 2017b) or animal wastes (He et al. 2018; Q
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