Effect of rare-earth metal ion Ce 3+ on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of CdO nanoparticles
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(2020) 5:25
ORIGINAL PAPER
Effect of rare‑earth metal ion Ce3+ on the structural, optical and photocatalytic properties of CdO nanoparticles M. Elayaraja1 · I. Kartharinal Punithavathy1 · M. Jothibas1 · A. Muthuvel1 · S. Johnson Jeyakumar1 Received: 9 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this present work, effects of cerium (Ce)-doped CdO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by simple chemical precipitation methods. The as-formed CdO-NPs were characterized by crystal structure (XRD), surface morphology (SEM), elemental composition (EDX), functional groups (FTIR) and optical spectroscopy (UV-DRS and PL) analysis. The XRD indicated cubic in structure of CdO-NPs that were as well crystallized with an averaged particle size of 28–33 nm. The SEM images show concise structure of CdO-NPs, and EDX spectrum revealed the presence of cerium. FTIR spectra show the fundamental peaks of CdO in the sample. The optical properties showed that the two emission peaks were recorded at 418 and 439 nm upon excited at 360 nm. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange dye, i.e., 93% at the optimum content of Ce3+-doped (5%) CdO-NPs. Keywords Cerium · CdO-NPs · SEM · Photocatalytic activity
Introduction Nowadays, nanomaterials such as metal oxide nanoparticles are widely used in engineering and medical science [1]. Among various metal oxides present, semiconductor nanoparticle CdO is one of the important semiconductor materials that have attracted considerable interest due to its economical, high chemical stability, optical properties and non-toxicity [2]. Because of these excellent properties, CdONPs are widely used for several application, such as ultraviolet lasers, photo-detectors, solar cells, light emitting diodes and photocatalytic and so on [3]. This semiconductor with direct band gap of 3.46 eV has huge exaction binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature (RT) [4]. The doping of CdONPs to a certain extent significantly increases surface imperfections, which may shift the absorption toward the visible region. Several research group reports noted that the role of the crystalline size, morphological, impurities, surface defects, the metal oxide host system, dopant type and dopant concentration are very important to physical and chemical * M. Jothibas [email protected] 1
PG and Research Department of Physics, T.B.M.L. College (Affiliated To Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappall-620024), Porayar, Tamil Nadu 609307, India
properties and various applications of CdO [5]. Recently, the effect of doing elements like Zn, Mg, Ag, Al, Tb and Ni on the electrical, optical and photocatalytic properties of CdS nanoparticles was investigated. Using Tb doping CdO-NPs synthesized via Cd hydroxychloride and effect of hydrogen post-treatment [6]. Ravichandran et al. [7] reported the optical and structural properties of Zn-doped CdO-NPs synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Jeejamol et al. [8] studied the Zr-doped CdO-NPs by chemically controlled co-precip
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