Effect of returning biochar from different pyrolysis temperatures and atmospheres on the growth of leaf-used lettuce
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of returning biochar from different pyrolysis temperatures and atmospheres on the growth of leaf-used lettuce Jingen Xi 1 & Hui Li 2 & Jiamin Xi 3 & Shibei Tan 1 & Jinlong Zheng 1 & Zhongxin Tan 2 Received: 4 April 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of biochar on the plant’s growth. A pot experiment was carried out in our study. Rice straw-derived biochar were charred at two heating temperatures (400 °C/800 °C) and two oxygen-limited atmospheres (CO2/N2), respectively. The FESEM/EDS technique (field emission scanning electron microscopy with X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy) was used to study soils, biochar and plant samples. FESEM images indicated that the structure of the biochar was highly heterogeneous with larger macropores, which can enhance soil porosity. Fine soil mineral particles blocked the biochar inner pores and channels after returning biochar to soil. EDS analysis indicated that the Al and Fe contents increased on the surface of biochar after their returning, which reduced the toxicity of Al and Fe in the soil. The returning straw directly inhibited the growth of leaf-used lettuce. Four returning biochar all significantly improved leaf-used lettuce growth, and the effects of biochar prepared under 400 °C and a CO2 atmosphere were better than those prepared under 800 °C and a N2 atmosphere. Changes of nitrogen content in the biochar before and after their returning were consistent with the improvement of soil available nitrogen, and plant growth was positively correlated with the nitrogen content of biochar. This study explored the impact of biochar on soil nutrients and revealed the mechanism of biochar returning to the field to promote plant growth. It is of great significance in studying and improving the characteristics of soil nutrients. Keywords Pyrolysis temperature . Pyrolysis atmosphere . Returning biochar . N content . Plants growth
Introduction The nutrient characteristics of the soil, to a great extent, restrict plant growth and agricultural production, which are important indicators of soil fertility. The status of soil quality in China is Jingen Xi and Hui Li contributed equally to this work. Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu * Zhongxin Tan [email protected] 1
CATAS/Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Afairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Haikou 571101, Hainan, People’s Republic of China
2
Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Lion Hill Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, People’s Republic of China
3
Agricultural Product Processing Research Institute, CATAS, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
poor because of its low organic matter content, nutrient deficiency and unbalance and significant nitrogen and phosphorus loss. China h
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