Effect of seed source, light, and nitrogen levels on biomass and nutrient allocation pattern in seedlings of Pongamia pi
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effect of seed source, light, and nitrogen levels on biomass and nutrient allocation pattern in seedlings of Pongamia pinnata Gyana Ranjan Sahoo 1 & Singam Laxmana Swamy 2 & Alka Mishra 3 & Tarun Kumar Thakur 4 Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 17 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nitrogen (N) and light are critical determinants of plant growth and productivity. The present study attempts to quantify the underlying mechanisms and effects of light, N levels, and seed source on growth, biomass, nutrient allocations, and nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs) in seedlings of Pongamia pinnata. The differential and fixed hypothesis and isometric and allometric relationships were also examined. Six morphologically superior seed sources of P. pinnata from three contrasting agroclimatic conditions of India were evaluated with application of two levels of both N (low dose @ 5g plant−1 and 15 g plant−1) and light regimes (full light-100% and low light-50%) in mother nursery. Among the seed sources, the native Raipur seed source was found outstanding in growth, biomass, and nutrient use efficiency. N was more critical than light in promoting growth in seedlings of P. pinnata. High N and high light regimes increased shoot/root ratios. The components showed allometric growth and followed a differential allocation pattern. The exploitation of suitable genetic resources combined with managerial interventions is necessary for development of quality planting stock of P. pinnata. Nutrient use efficiencies, biomass production, and their allocation were important indicators and criteria for selection. The study suggests that Raipur and Jabalpur seed sources having high NUE should be grown along with adequate N application (15 g plant−1) and light conditions. Keywords Allometry . Bio-diesel . Competition . Nutrient use efficiencies . Phenotypic plasticity
Introduction Pongamia pinnata (L) Pierre (karanja), a member of Fabaceae, is one among the moderately fast-growing N fixing multipurpose trees, widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of Indian subcontinent and south-east Asia (Luna 1996). The species is recognized as a prized source of nonedible pongam oil, traditional medicine, green leaf manure, small timber, firewood, fish poison, ornamental value etc. Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Singam Laxmana Swamy [email protected] 1
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Angul, Odisha, India
2
College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Katghora-Korba, CG, India
3
Department of Rural Technology, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur, CG, India
4
Department of Environmental Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, MP, India
The seeds yield 30–40% of oil economically utilized in domestic and industrial sectors for illumination, tanning, pharmaceutical, and soap industries. Pongam oil is currently emerged as feedstock for production of biodiesel due to its unique fuel properties such as low viscosity, satisfact
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