Effect of the Metal-Foam Gasoline Particulate Filter (GPF) on the Vehicle Performance in a Turbocharged Gasoline Direct
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ght © 2020 KSAE/ 11708 pISSN 12299138/ eISSN 19763832
EFFECT OF THE METAL-FOAM GASOLINE PARTICULATE FILTER (GPF) ON THE VEHICLE PERFORMANCE IN A TURBOCHARGED GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION VEHICLE OVER FTP-75 Sungha Baek, Jaeho Cho, Kangjin Kim, Seungho Ahn, Cha-Lee Myung and Simsoo Park* School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea (Received 4 November 2019; Revised 10 December 2019; Accepted 11 December 2019) ABSTRACTWorldwide regulations on particulate matter for passenger vehicles have become stricter in recent years, which makes it difficult to satisfy for gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles. In this study, the level of reduction efficiency of particle emissions with a metal-foam gasoline particulate filter (GPF) for the turbocharged GDI vehicle was evaluated in the federal test procedure (FTP)-75 mode operation. The particle number (PN) emissions were analyzed using the AVL particle counter (APC) and fast response differential mobility spectrometer (DMS500) for particle size distribution. The PN concentration from the base GDI vehicle with only TWC is 1.64 E+12 number/km (#/km), while the value of the GPFequipped case is 5.02 E+11 #/km with 69 % filtration efficiency in the vehicle test mode. In particular, the reduction rate of small particles under 23 nm in size was strongly improved with the additional installation of the metal-foam GPF. The maximum pressure drop through the GPF reached approximately 39 mbar at the highest acceleration point of phase 1 of the FTP-75 mode. The upstream temperature of the GPF was distributed at approximately 380 ~ 510 oC in the vehicle test. The results show that the GPF-equipped GDI vehicle can satisfy the stringent particle regulation by Euro 6 in a straightforward manner. KEY WORDS : Gasoline direct injection, Gasoline particulate filter, Particulate, Sub-23-nm particle
NOMENCLATURE
1. INTRODUCTION
APC : AVL particle counter CCC : Close Coupled Catalyst GDI : gasoline direct injection LOT : light-off temperature DPF : diesel particulate filter ECU : engine control unit EPA : environmental protection agency FESEM:Field Emissions Scanning Electron Microscope FTP-75: federal test procedure PFI : port fuel injection PM : particulate matter PMP : particle measurement program PN : particle number TWC : three-way catalyst T-GDi : turbocharged GDI UCC : underfloor catalytic converter UN ECE : united nations economic commission for Europe VOC : volatile organic compound VPR : volatile particle remover WOT : wide open throttle
The amount of fossil fuel reserves is decreasing, the greenhouse gas (GHG) generated by vehicles is a major factor in global warming, and the development of efficient and environmentally friendly vehicles is becoming more important worldwide (Heywood and Welling, 2009; Wu et al., 2011; Johnson, 2012). This trend has led to the development of turbocharged GDI vehicles with lower CO2 emissions and higher fuel efficiency than the conventional gasoline vehicle (PFI) for downsizing while maintaining the same engine performance (Joh
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