Effective Data Rate on Ethernet Interfaces For Embedded Systems: A Comparative Analysis
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Effective Data Rate on Ethernet Interfaces For Embedded Systems: A Comparative Analysis Fabrício P. V. de Campos · Marcello L. R. de Campos · Carlos H. N. Martins · Moisés V. Ribeiro
Received: 20 December 2012 / Revised: 29 July 2013 / Accepted: 9 August 2013 / Published online: 6 September 2013 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2013
Abstract This contribution proposes, discusses and analyzes different solutions for the implementation of Ethernet interfaces for embedded systems that show realistic compromise between performance and development cost. Two well-known approaches based on low cost microcontrollers are discussed. In the sequel, two novel approaches, which are based on field programmable gate array (FPGA), are introduced. The comparison analysis of the suitability of the proposed approaches against those based on microcontrollers is addressed on two case studies. The first case study, which makes use of a prototype of communication interface for a webserver application, points out that the proposed approaches based on FPGA devices can offer the best tradeoff between performance and development cost. Also, it reveals that the flexibility offered by FPGA devices is a powerful tool to allow fast update of the firmware and hardware of the embedded systems. The second case study, which analyzes the solutions in a prototype of an internet-based authentication solution for biometric access control system, indicates that the highest bit-rate can only be achieved if the commu-
F. P. V. de Campos (B) · M. L. R. de Campos Federal University of Rio de Janeiro/COPPE/Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] M. L. R. de Campos e-mail: [email protected] F. P. V. de Campos · C. H. N. Martins · M. V. Ribeiro Federal University of Juiz de Fora/PPEE/Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil C. H. N. Martins e-mail: [email protected] M. V. Ribeiro e-mail: [email protected]
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nication interface of an embedded system is prototyped with the proposed approach based on an FPGA device. Keywords
Ethernet · Embedded systems · FPGA
1 Introduction According to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and the Cisco Systems Inc., in 2020 there will be 50 billion “smart” devices connected to the Internet (Pretz 2013; Evans 2011). The majority of them will be low cost and green devices for embedded systems, automation, vehicular communications, cell phones, smart phones, machine to machine (M2M) communications, internet of things (IoT), and smart grids. There are several technologies that allow these devices to be connected to the internet. Among them, Ethernet (Qian et al. 2009; Sommer et al. 2010) has emerged as a layer two (L2) standard that is widely deployed by industry. Microwebserver, serial/Ethernet converters RS232/SPI (SPI—serial peripheral interface), and industrial Ethernet converters RS485/CAN (CAN—controller area network) are the most common applications based on microcontrollers which make use of Ethernet interface. Applications involving web servers are
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