Effective Utilization of Moso-Bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) with Hot-Compressed Water
In this study, the hydrothermal carbonization behavior of bamboo in hot-compressed water (HCW) using a batch-type reactor at 180–300 °C was observed to investigate the effective utilization of bamboo as a biomass resource. Polysaccharides (hemicellulose a
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Effective Utilization of Moso-Bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla) with Hot-Compressed Water Satoshi Kumagai and Tsuyoshi Hirajima
Abstract In this study, the hydrothermal carbonization behavior of bamboo in hot-compressed water (HCW) using a batch-type reactor at 180–300 C was observed to investigate the effective utilization of bamboo as a biomass resource. Polysaccharides (hemicellulose and cellulose) in the bamboo were changed to water soluble products. At 180–220 C, hemicellulose (arabinoxylan) was first hydrolyzed to xylooligosaccharides and then to xylose that was further decomposed to various organic acids and furfural. However, most of the cellulose was not decomposed and was recovered as a solid residue at this temperature range. Cellulose began hydrolyzing to glucose at temperatures above 240 C. The glucose was further decomposed to various organic acids and 5-HMF. The recovered oligosaccharides and monosaccharides can be used as functional food, food additives, and feedstocks for ethanol and lactic fermentation. Furthermore, organic acids and furans can be used as various chemicals. More hemicellulose and cellulose, which have relatively low carbon content in the bamboo, were decomposed and dissolved in water. As a result, the solid residue consisted mainly of lignin, which has higher carbon content compared to cellulose and hemicellulose. Hence, the heating value of the solid residue increased at higher temperature during treatment and the residue could be considered as a solid fuel.
S. Kumagai (&) Research and Education Center of Carbon Resource, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuuoka 819-0395, Japan e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] T. Hirajima Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Nishi-ku, Fukuuoka 819-0395, Japan S. Kumagai Organization for Cooperation with Industry and Regional Community, Honjyo, Saga 840-8502, Japan
F. Jin (ed.), Application of Hydrothermal Reactions to Biomass Conversion, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-54458-3_7, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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S. Kumagai and T. Hirajima
7.1 Introduction From viewpoints of global environmental problems and diminishing fossil-fuel resources, renewable, and carbon neutral lignocellulosic biomass have been drawing attention as environmentally friendly resource. However, conversion processes for its effective utilization have not been established. For that reason, we have been studying the application of hydrothermal reactions for utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. On the other hand, hydrothermal treatment involving the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in hot-compressed water (HCW; *300 C, *10 MPa) has received significant attention in recent years [1–6] (Fig. 7.1). Characteristics of HCW are represented by the high ionic product. The ionic product of water changes as the temperature changes. It reaches the maximum value, 6.34 9 10-12, at around 250 C under saturated vapor pressure condition and decreases to 1.88 9 10-16 at critical point (374.15 C, 2
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