The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Phyllostachys heterocycla , a fast-growing non-timber bamboo (Poaceae: Bambu
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TECHNICAL NOTE
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Phyllostachys heterocycla, a fast-growing non-timber bamboo (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) Dan Zhang1,2 · Yuan Liu1 · Li-zhi Gao1,3
Received: 31 October 2016 / Accepted: 15 November 2016 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016
Abstract Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) is one of the fastest growing lignocellulose abundant plants on Earth. Here, we report the complete nucleotide sequence of the Phyllostachys heterocycla chloroplast genome using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome size is 139,682 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 21,797 bp separated by a large single-copy region and a small single-copy region of 83,217 and 12,871 bp, respectively. A total of 130 genes were annotated, of which 111 were unigenes (77 proteincoding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes) and 19 are duplicated in the IRs. A phylogenomic analysis showed that P. heterocycla is closely related to P. edulis that belongs to the same genus Phyllostachys of Subfamily Bambusoideae in the grass family. The newly sequenced complete chloroplast genome of P. heterocycla will enhance our knowledge of the evolution and diversiication of the bamboo species and potentially help to conserve the bamboo biodiversity. Keywords Phyllostachys heterocycla · Chloroplast genome · Next-generation sequencing · Conservation genetics * Li-zhi Gao [email protected] 1
Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
2
Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
3
Plant Germplasm and Genomics Center, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
Bambusoidea, as one of the largest subfamilies in the grass family (Poaceae), is an important lineage of perennial forest grasses endemic to tropical, subtropics regions. It comprises ~80–90 genera and ~100–1500 species, including herbaceous and woody bamboos (Bystriakova et al. 2003; Li et al. 2006; Zhang 2000). Bamboo has a very long lowering interval of ~60–120 years (Janzen 1976). As one of the fastest growing lignocelluloses abundant plants on Earth, bamboos can quickly grow up to 45 m in height (Magel et al. 2005). They have long served as economically important sources, such as food, building materials and raw materials for furnitures, and thus, about 2.5 billion people depend economically on them (Lobovikov et al. 2007). However, human overexploitations of bamboo natural resources and the lack of eicient protection actions have seriously threatened the bamboo diversity. Therefore, conservation genetic eforts are urgently needed to prevent them from a rapid loss. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens) is a member of Bambusoidea. As a large woody bamboo, it is one of the most important non-timber forest products in the world. This species accounts for about 70% of the total bamboo growth area (Magel et
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