Utilization of powdered glass in lime-stabilized clayey soil with sea water
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Utilization of powdered glass in lime‑stabilized clayey soil with sea water Gamze Bilgen1 Received: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 / Published online: 22 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The waste glass is one of the huge volume construction and demolition (C&D) debris and using it in the construction, significantly reduces the area required for the storage and contributes to the conservation of natural resources while reducing the carbon footprint. In the light of these data, the answer to the question of whether glass powder could be considered as a stabilizing additive with sea water in lime-stabilized clayey soil so that clayey soil could be used in road pavement and embankment construction has been investigated. A series of experimental studies conducted to determine the effect of additives on the geotechnical properties of the clayey soil such as moisture-density relationships, strength, and consistency. The samples were prepared by blending 5% lime and different percentages of powdered glass such as 10%, 20% and 25% with three different clayey soil that were used as subgrade soil. The results of the tests indicate that powdered glass, sea water and clayey soils are very compatible to react with each other and additives improve geotechnical properties of clayey soils in a way so that it decreases plasticity index and increases workability of clayey soils. In addition, the additives increase California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils up to ten times depending on usage rates. Keywords Powdered glass · Lime · Sea water · Soil stabilization
Introduction The geotechnical properties of clayey soils, such as compaction and bearing capacity, are insufficient for construction and require stabilization. The chemical soil stabilization and re-using waste materials in the construction both improves geotechnical properties of clayey soils and have numerous advantageous both environmentally and economically in terms of sustainability and recycling (Al-Rawas et al. 2005; Modarres and Nosoudy 2015; Sharma and Hymavathi 2016). For instance, using an additive such as lime for soil stabilization reduces the total thickness of the pavement and leads to a reduction in construction costs while improves the quality of pavement and filling layers (Modarres and Nosoudy 2015). Also, it dramatically reduces the negative environmental impact through construction, ongoing use of access road pavement (e.g., minimal excavation and compaction required) and reducing the demand on the sources * Gamze Bilgen [email protected] 1
Alapli Vocational School, Bulent Ecevit University, Alapli, Zonguldak 67850, Turkey
of primary materials (Kavak and Akyarli 2007; Taha and Nounu 2008; Kavak and Bilgen 2016). Many studies in the literature has proved that lime can become more effective when used with different materials. This fact has led researchers to examine the usage of lime with the waste materials in road and filling con
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