Effectiveness of autologous serum as an alternative to fetal bovine serum in adipose-derived stem cell engineering
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Isolation and Growth of Stem Cells Jeffrey M. Gimble, Bruce A. Bunnell, Farshid Guilak, Steven R. Smith, and Adam J. Katz
6.1 Introduction Multiple tissues can serve as a source of adult or somatic stem cells. Some of these tissues are available at only one point in the lifecycle, such as the umbilical cord, Wharton’s jelly, and placenta. In contrast, others are available throughout life and these include adipose tissue, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle. This chapter focuses on the latter three tissues due to their availability and utility for autologous and allogeneic transplantation. While none of these tissues yields a “perfect” stem cell, they do exhibit some of the following ideal properties:
J.M. Gimble (*) Pennington Biomedical Research Center, LSU System, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA e-mail: [email protected] B.A. Bunnell Tulane Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, J. Bennett Johnston Building, 1324 Tulane Avenue, SL-99 New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA e-mail: [email protected] F. Guilak Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3093, Durham, NC 27710, USA e-mail: [email protected] S.R. Smith Scientific Director Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes Florida Hospital, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute 2566 Lee Rd. Winter Park, Florida 32789 e-mail: [email protected] A.J. Katz Department of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Virginia, West Complex, 1335 Lee Street, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA e-mail: [email protected]
Abundant, accessible, and replenishable tissue source Multiple lineage differentiation potential Nontumorigenic Suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplant Capable of retaining the desired properties after long-term storage Available in quantities of billions of cells Low immunogenicity Limited donor to donor variability Simple and reproducible isolation procedure
6.2 Aim of the Discipline The aim of this chapter is to review the following: 1. Isolation methods for adult/somatic stem cells from adipose, bone marrow, and skeletal muscle tissues. 2. Culture and expansion procedures. 3. Quality assurance and quality control issues relating to the manufacture of clinical-grade stem cells. 4. Regulatory assurances necessary for clinical trial applications of adult stem cells. 5. Current and pending clinical applications. 6. Success and limitations of the technology.
6.3 State of the Art Review of the methods for the isolation and expansion of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells (SMSCs).
N. Pallua and C.V. Suschek (eds.), Tissue Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-02824-3_6, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011
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Investigators have isolated stem cells from multiple tissues. Academic and biotech centers have exploited umbilical cord and placenta as rich sources of hematopoietic and mesenc
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