Effectiveness of helminth egg reduction by solar drying and liming of sewage sludge
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effectiveness of helminth egg reduction by solar drying and liming of sewage sludge Amal An-nori 1,2 & Loubna El Fels 2,3 & Amine Ezzariai 2 & Bouchra El Hayani 2 & Khalil El Mejahed 1 & Mohamed El Gharous 1 & Mohamed Hafidi 2,4 Received: 22 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study is aimed at assessing the effectiveness of solar drying process in terms of helminth egg reduction in sewage sludge (SS) generated from an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Marrakesh city (Morocco). It is also engaged to highlight a synergic effect of liming (1% CaO) and solar drying on helminth egg reduction. The solar drying process was conducted for 45 days, in summer under a semi-arid climate in a pilot scale polycarbonate-based tunnel (2 m3). Before undergoing solar drying process, data showed an important load of helminth eggs including Ascaris sp., Schistosoma spp., Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp., Ankylostome spp., Toxocara spp., and Taenia spp. in limed sludge (LS) and non-limed sludge (NLS) (15.2 and 17.9 eggs/g, respectively). Ascaris eggs were the most abundant (11.2 and 13.5 eggs/g in LS and NLS, respectively). By the end of the solar drying process, a considerable removal of the total helminth eggs was recorded in LS and NLS (92.8% and 91.6%, respectively). A complete removal of Schistosoma spp., Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp., Toxocara spp. and Taenia spp. was noted in LS and NLS. In the case of Ankylostome spp., data showed a total removal in LS and 81% in NLS; however, the final load is in agreement with the standards (0.4 egg/g). As for Ascaris spp., neither liming nor solar drying process allowed a complete removal (91% and 90% in NLS and LS, respectively) and the final load (1.1 egg/g) does not fulfill the WHO requirements for an agricultural use. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a negative correlation between dry matter (DM) content (hence temperature) and helminth egg concentration. No significant synergic effect of liming and solar drying process was showed by statistical analysis. This is substantiating that temperature is the key parameter involved in helminth egg removal while undergoing solar drying of SS. Keywords Activated sludge process . Ascaris . Helminth eggs . Liming . Sewage sludge . Solar drying
Introduction Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Mohamed Hafidi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Agricultural Innovation and Technology Transfer Center (AITTC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh, Morocco
3
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Technics, Marrakesh-Safi, Morocco
4
Agrobiosciences Program, University Mohammed VI Polytechnic (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
Wastewater treatment generates large amounts of sewage sludge (SS). Such a by-product is known for its high agronomic value since its high
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