Heavy Metal Fractionation in Aerobic and Anaerobic Sewage Sludge

The study assessed the speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected from three full-scale sewage treatment plants which employ different treatment processes. Sewage sludge samples from activated sludge process (ASP), U

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Job Thomas B. R. Jayalekshmi Praveen Nagarajan   Editors

Current Trends in Civil Engineering Select Proceedings of ICRACE 2020

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Volume 104

Series Editors Marco di Prisco, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Sheng-Hong Chen, School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China Ioannis Vayas, Institute of Steel Structures, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece Sanjay Kumar Shukla, School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia Anuj Sharma, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA Nagesh Kumar, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Chien Ming Wang, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering (LNCE) publishes the latest developments in Civil Engineering - quickly, informally and in top quality. Though original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNCE, edited volumes of exceptionally high quality and interest may also be considered for publication. Volumes published in LNCE embrace all aspects and subfields of, as well as new challenges in, Civil Engineering. Topics in the series include: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Construction and Structural Mechanics Building Materials Concrete, Steel and Timber Structures Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Engineering Coastal Engineering Ocean and Offshore Engineering; Ships and Floating Structures Hydraulics, Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Environmental Engineering and Sustainability Structural Health and Monitoring Surveying and Geographical Information Systems Indoor Environments Transportation and Traffic Risk Analysis Safety and Security

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Job Thomas B. R. Jayalekshmi Praveen Nagarajan •



Editors

Current Trends in Civil Engineering Select Proceedings of ICRACE 2020

123

Editors Job Thomas Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi, India

B. R. Jayalekshmi National Institute of Technology Karnataka Mangalore, India

Praveen Nagarajan National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut, India

ISSN 2366-2557 ISSN 2366-2565 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering ISBN 978-981-15-8150-2 ISBN 978-981-15-8151-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8151-9 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the w