High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: achievements and perspectives
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FEATURE ARTICLE
High-solid anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge: achievements and perspectives Ying Xu1, Hui Gong1, Xiaohu Dai (✉)1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China 2 Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
HIGHLIGHTS
GRAPHIC ABSTRACT
• High-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) of sewage sludge (SS) is overviewed. • Factors affecting process stability and performance in HS-AD of SS are revealed. • HS effect and knowledge gaps of current research on the HS-AD of SS are identified. • Future efforts on addressing knowledge gaps and improving HS-AD of SS are proposed.
ARTICLE INFO Article history:
Received 3 July 2020 Revised 23 September 2020 Accepted 30 September 2020 Available online 4 November 2020 Keywords: High-solid effect Anaerobic fermentation Methane production Biodegradability Sludge treatment
ABSTRACT High-solid anaerobic digestion (HS-AD) has been applied extensively during the last few decades for treating various organic wastes, such as agricultural wastes, organic fractions of municipal solid wastes, and kitchen wastes. However, the application of HS-AD to the processing of sewage sludge (SS) remains limited, which is largely attributable to its poor process stability and performance. Extensive research has been conducted to attempt to surmount these limitations. In this review, the main factors affecting process stability and performance in the HS-AD of SS are comprehensively reviewed, and the improved methods in current use, such as HS sludge pre-treatment and anaerobic codigestion with other organic wastes, are summarised. Besides, this paper also discusses the characteristics of substance transformation in the HS-AD of SS with and without thermal pretreatment. Research has shown that the HS effect is due to the presence of high concentrations of substances that may inhibit the function of anaerobic microorganisms, and that it also results in poor mass transfer, a low diffusion coefficient, and high viscosity. Finally, knowledge gaps in the current research on HS-AD of SS are identified. Based on these, it proposes that future efforts should be devoted to standardising the definition of HS sludge, revealing the law of migration and transformation of pollutants, describing the metabolic pathways by which specific substances are degraded, and establishing accurate mathematical models. Moreover, developing green sludge dewatering agents, obtaining high value-added products, and revealing effects of the above two on HS-AD of SS can also be considered in future. © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access at link.springer.com and journal.hep. com.cn
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Introduction
With the increasing global population and the growth of cities, the quantity of municipal wastewater has rapidly
✉ Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
increased. Consequently, the production of sewage sludge (SS), a by-product of biolo
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