Effectiveness of resistivity monitoring for unsaturated water flow in landfill sites
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effectiveness of resistivity monitoring for unsaturated water flow in landfill sites Eisuke Kusuyama1 · Kazuhiro Hidari1 · Kazuo Kamura1 Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 July 2020 © Springer Japan KK, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The waste layers of landfill sites are stabilized by the washout of the permeate flow, and understanding the permeate flow allows us to indirectly identify zones where stabilization has been delayed. Using leachate and gas monitoring or borehole surveys to assess the stability of waste layers in landfill is limited, and they are largely uneconomical. Therefore, in this study, we followed an electrical resistivity method to provide non-destructive, three-dimensional visualizations of the leachate movement in the landfills, as the resistivity is correlated with leachate conductivity, porosity and water saturation. Water injected into the fills was tap water for simulated landfill (laboratory experiment) and salt water for two actual landfills (field experiment). Their resistivity change profiles were compared and evaluated with the soil test results. It was found that resistivity monitoring can effectively visualize unsaturated water flow in both laboratory and field experiments. In addition, the results of the simulated landfill show that vertical osmosis from the rough holes driven by gravity is the main path of water in the fills, and the water saturation rate at that time is about 35–40%. The results obtained by this method provide effective information for promoting stabilization of landfills. Keywords Landfill · Unsaturated water flow · Resistivity monitoring · Visualization
Introduction In the management and operation of landfill sites, it is vital that the internal properties and stabilization of the fills are characterized. Historically, the leachate and gases generated from landfill sites were collected from water pipes or observation wells, and landfill samples were directly collected by boring or excavation, to monitor and study the internal properties of fills. However, the single-point information acquired by such methods limits our understanding of the internal properties of the fills and the progress of stabilization, and such approaches are not economically sustainable [1–3]. Moreover, there are several issues faced in controlled landfill sites. To promote the stabilization of the waste layer, the site would require a semi-aerobic structure, which would allow the permeation of rainwater. However, waste layers contain a variety of waste types and are heterogeneous, resulting in the formation of zones allowing the passage of * Kazuo Kamura [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3‑4‑1 Okubo Shinjuku‑ku, Tokyo 169‑8555, Japan
water (permeable zones), and zones that do not (impermeable zones). In the permeable zone, water causes the decomposition of organic matter and the washout of salt, which increases the stabilization. However, the above actions do not proceed in the impermeable zone, thereby delaying
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