Electrical resistivity imaging for monitoring soil water motion patterns under different drip irrigation scenarios
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Electrical resistivity imaging for monitoring soil water motion patterns under different drip irrigation scenarios Daniela Vanella1 · Juan Miguel Ramírez‑Cuesta2 · Alessandro Sacco3 · Giuseppe Longo‑Minnolo3 · Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli1 · Simona Consoli1 Received: 20 December 2019 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The use of hydrogeophysical methods provides insights for supporting optimal irrigation design and management. In the present study, the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) was applied for monitoring the soil water motion patterns resulting from the adoption of water deficit scenarios in a micro-irrigated orange orchard (Eastern Sicily, Italy). The relationship of ERI with independent ancillary data of soil water content (SWC), plant transpiration (T) and in situ measurements of hydraulic conductivity at saturation (Ks, i.e., using the falling head method, FH) was evaluated. The soil water motion patterns and the maximum wet depths in the soil profile identified by ERI were quite dependent on SWC (R2 = 0.79 and 0.82, respectively). Moreover, ERI was able to detect T in the severe deficit irrigation treatment (electrical resistivity increases of about 20%), whereas this phenomenon was masked at higher SWC conditions. Ks rates derived from ERI and FH approaches revealed different patterns and magnitudes among the irrigation treatments, as consequence of their different measurement scales and the methodological specificity. Finally, ERI has been proved suitable for identifying the soil wetting/drying patterns and the geometrical characteristics of wet bulbs, which represent some of the most influential variables for the optimal design and management of micro-irrigation systems.
Introduction * Daniela Vanella [email protected] Juan Miguel Ramírez‑Cuesta [email protected] Alessandro Sacco [email protected] Giuseppe Longo‑Minnolo [email protected] Giuseppe Luigi Cirelli [email protected] Simona Consoli [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Università Degli Studi Di Catania, via S. Sofia 100 95123, Catania, Italy
2
Departamento de Riego, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 164, 30100 Murcia, Spain
3
International Doctorate in Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, Di3A, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
In semi-arid and arid regions, irrigation management practices depend on the accurate characterization of temporal and spatial soil water content (SWC) dynamics (Vereecken et al. 2008). In general, the soil texture and the soil hydraulic characteristics represent the two main drivers of SWC changes and soil water infiltration (Campbell and Norman 1998). Nowadays, the most common methods adopted to measure SWC distribution at the root-zone level (e.g., time domain and/or frequency domain sensors, neutron probes) present several limitations (Robinson et al. 2008). The main drawback of these SWC methods c
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