Effects of a Titanium Dioxide Thin Film for Improving the Biocompatibility of Diamond-Like Coated Coronary Stents
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Effects of a Titanium Dioxide Thin Film for Improving the Biocompatibility of Diamond‑Like Coated Coronary Stents Jae Won Shim1,2,5 · In‑Ho Bae1,2 · Myung Ho Jeong1,2,3,5 · Dae Sung Park1,2 · Kyung‑Seob Lim4 · Jae Un Kim1,2 · Mun‑Ki Kim1 · Jung Ha Kim1 · Ju Han Kim2,3 · Doo Sun Sim1,2,3 Received: 16 January 2019 / Accepted: 8 August 2019 © The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials 2019
Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the effects of a diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer on the biological properties of a pretreated titanium dioxide ( TiO2) coronary stent surface. T iO2 and DLC were coated onto a cobalt-chromium stent surface in consecutive order using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition method (TiO2/DLC). To investigate the effect of TiO2, a group treated only with DLC was also prepared as a control. The surface characteristics were investigated by SEM, ESCA, AFM, and contact angle analyses. To estimate the effect of surface modification on biological response, endothelial cell migration was carried out. As a result, cracking of the coating layer on the strut curved portion in the DLC group was restored in the T iO2/DLC group. ESCA result showed that the peaks sp2 and sp3 were slightly shifted and higher in the T iO2/ DLC group. The surface roughness average was highly increased in the TiO2/DLC group (Ra; 18.033) compared to the BMS (Ra; 9.258) and DLC groups (Ra; 10.144). By the increment of Ra, the surface property became hydrophilic in the TiO2/ DLC group (39.8° ± 5.88°) compared to the non-treated (72.7° ± 2.24°) and DLC (78.6° ± 2.24°) groups. Endothelial cell migration was significantly increased in the T iO2/DLC group (68.9 ± 13.52%) compared to the non-treated (5.4 ± 3.14%) and DLC groups (22.3 ± 8.22%). Therefore, the improvement of surface properties and endothelial cell migration in the TiO2/ DLC group could improve the physiological response in the human body. Keywords Coronary stent · Diamond-like carbon · Titanium dioxide · Surface modification · Endothelialization
1 Introduction
* Myung Ho Jeong [email protected] 1
The Cardiovascular Convergence Research Center of Chonnam National University Hospital Designated By Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
2
Korea Cardiovascular Stent Research Institute, Jangsung 57248, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
4
National Primate Research Center and Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
5
Molecular Medicine, BK21 Plus, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
Drug-eluting stents (DESs) are widely used for commercial purposes, but are typically associated with problems with regards to metal biocompatibility after drug release is complete [1, 2]. This is because some biomaterial surfaces stimulate the activation of coagulation stairs and the overgrowth
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