Effects of acute aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on 24-h glucose variability and skeletal muscle signalling r
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of acute aerobic, resistance and combined exercises on 24‑h glucose variability and skeletal muscle signalling responses in type 1 diabetics Dean Minnock1 · Giosuè Annibalini2 · Carel W. Le Roux3 · Serena Contarelli2 · Mauricio Krause4 · Roberta Saltarelli2 · Giacomo Valli2 · Vilberto Stocchi2 · Elena Barbieri2,5 · Giuseppe De Vito1,6 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To compare the effect of high-intensity aerobic (AER), resistance (RES), and combined (COMB: RES + AER) exercise, on interstitial glucose (IG) variability and skeletal muscle signalling pathways in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods T1D participants (6 M/6F) wore a flash glucose monitoring system in four randomized sessions: one control (CONT), and one AER, RES and COMB (40 min each). Mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), standard deviation (SD) and coefficient variation (CV) of IG were used to compare the 24 h post-exercise IG variability. Blood and muscle samples were collected to compare exercise-induced systemic and muscle signalling responses related to metabolic, growth and inflammatory adaptations. Results Both RES and COMB decreased the 24 h MAGE compared to CONT; additionally, COMB decreased the 24 h SD and CV. In the 6–12 h post-exercise, all exercise modalities reduced the IG CV while SD decreased only after COMB. Both AER and COMB stimulated the PGC-1α mRNA expression and promoted the splicing of IGF-1Ea variant, while Akt and p38MAPK phosphorylation increased only after RES and COMB. Additionally, COMB enhanced eEF2 activation and RES increased myogenin and MRF4 mRNA expression. Blood lactate and glycerol levels and muscle IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 mRNAs increased after all exercise sessions, while serum CK and LDH level did not change. Conclusion COMB is more effective in reducing IG fluctuations compared to single-mode AER or RES exercise. Moreover, COMB simultaneously activates muscle signalling pathways involved in substrate metabolism and anabolic adaptations, which can help to improve glycaemic control and maintain muscle health in T1D. Keywords Exercise modalities · Glucose variability · Hypoglycaemia · Skeletal muscle signalling · Type 1 diabetes Communicated by Philip D Chilibeck. Dean Minnock and Giosuè Annibalini contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-020-04491-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Abbreviations AER Aerobic Akt AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 AMPK Protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 ANOVA Analysis of variance 4
Institute for Sport and Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism, and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX) and Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Science
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