Effects of astaxanthin on the immune response and reproduction of Procambarus clarkii stressed with microcystin-leucine-
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE Biology
Effects of astaxanthin on the immune response and reproduction of Procambarus clarkii stressed with microcystin‑leucine‑arginine Zhenhua An1 · Hui Yang1 · Xiaodan Liu1 · Yingying Zhangv1 Received: 11 January 2020 / Accepted: 3 June 2020 © Japanese Society of Fisheries Science 2020
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the antioxidant astaxanthin on the immune response, growth, and reproduction of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852) stressed with the toxin microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR). P. clarkii exposed to MC-LR were treated with one of four concentrations of dietary astaxanthin supplement (0, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/g) for 36 consecutive days in tanks. In crayfish exposed to 0.05 mg/l MC-LR, activity levels of superoxide dismutase and alkaline phosphatase in the hepatopancreas significantly increased (P
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