Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102-supplemented diet on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphometry and resis
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Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102-supplemented diet on growth, non-specific immunity, intestinal morphometry and resistance of hybrid juvenile Pseudoplatystoma sp. challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila André Luiz Nunes 1,2 & Marco Shizuo Owatari 2 & Robson Andrade Rodrigues 3 & Letícia Emiliani Fantini 1 & Rodrigo Yutaka Dichoff Kasai 4 & Maurício Laterça Martins 2 & José Luiz Pedreira Mouriño 2 & Cristiane Meldau de Campos 1,3 Received: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020/ # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on the productive, intestinal histomorphometry, haematoimmunological aspects, as well as evaluated the resistance of juvenile Pseudoplatystoma sp. after challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Inclusion levels of the commercial probiotic were set at 0 (control), 1, 2, 3 and 4% of CALSPORIN® kg feed−1 with six replicates. Blood samples were collected on day 0, 10 and 20 for hematological analysis, and on the 20th day, samples were collected for intestinal histomorphometry, zootechnical and survival analyses. The results showed that probiotic supplementation with B. subtilis significantly improved intestinal morphology in fish from groups 1% and 2% and phagocytic activity in all supplemented groups, regardless of the applied dose. In addition, on the 20th day, improvements in non-specific immunity were observed, such as an increase in the number of monocytes (groups 2, 3 and 4%), eosinophils (group 3%), leukocytes (1%) and lymphocytes (group 4%) of the fish that received the supplemented feed. It was also possible to verify that the probiotic caused significant changes in the haemogram between the sampling periods on 0, 10th and 20th day, showing activation of specialized cells of the fish’s non-specific defense mechanism. At the end of the experimental period, supplementation of B. subtilis improved the productive indexes and survival of Pseudoplatystoma sp. after bacterial challenge.
Highlights - Short term of probiotic feeding evaluation in the diet of Brazilian native catfish Pseudoplatystoma sp. - B. subtilis causes significant improvements in non-specific fish immunity. - Probiotic feeding increases resistance to A. hydrophila. - Short-term supplementation leads to productive improvements in Pseudoplatystoma sp.
* Cristiane Meldau de Campos [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Aquaculture International
Keywords Probiotic . Innate defense . Surubim . Phagocytosis . Histology . Intestine
Introduction Environmental issues are increasingly present in the aquaculture production sector, where gaps related to environmental sustainability need answers from research and development groups, as they are extremely important for the sustainable advancement of the activity (Kavitha et al. 2018; Di et al. 2019; Kuebutornye et al. 2019). In this context, probiotics are emerging as environmentally friendly tools for application in aquacultu
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