Synergistic Effects of Dietary Selenomethionine and Vitamin C on the Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Microb
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Synergistic Effects of Dietary Selenomethionine and Vitamin C on the Immunity, Antioxidant Status, and Intestinal Microbiota in Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Fanshuang Zeng 1 & Md Hasim Rabbi 1 & Yanan Hu 1 & Zequn Li 1 & Xue Ren 1 & Yuzhe Han 1 & Tongjun Ren 1 Received: 25 August 2020 / Accepted: 8 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A 30-day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the interactive effects of dietary selenium (selenomethionine) and vitamin C (Vc) in Apostichopus japonicus. Two selenium (0 and 5 mg/kg) and three vitamin C (0, 5000, and 10,000 mg/kg) combined groups of feed were formulated (Designated as LSeLVc, LSeMVc, LSeHVc, HSeLVc, HSeMVc and HSeHVc, respectively) and fed the sea cucumbers. Our results showed no significant effects on the growth-related parameters in sea cucumber (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the reciprocal action between Se and Vc had significant (P < 0.05) effects on Se accumulation in the respiratory tree and intestines. Also, the lysozyme, glutathione peroxidase activity, and the relative expression levels such as LZM, GPX, Hsp70, and Hsp90 in different tissues were significantly increased in the group of sea cucumber fed diet with 5 mg Se in combination with 5000 mg Vc compared with the control group (P < 0.05). However, MDA and H2O2 contents in the body wall were significantly reduced in the HSeHVc group (P < 0.05). In addition, analysis of intestinal flora revealed that Haloferula abundance was highest in the LSeMVc group than other treatment groups, and Vibrio abundance was decreased with combined Se and Vc supplement. Finally, the species diversity of the gut microbial community of sea cucumber in HSeMVc group was lower than those in other treatment groups. The results showed that the interaction of selenium and vitamin C had positive effects on improving the immune status, antioxidant capacity, and digestive ability of A. japonicus. Keywords Selenium . Vitamin C . Apostichopus japonicus . Antioxidant status . Intestinal microbiota
Introduction Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is among the most commercially important species. The demand for sea cucumber is increasing, and sea cucumber farming has been widely concerned in aquaculture since it contains high contents of nutritional and medicinal value with better healthcare value and enjoyed by a massive number of people [1]. However, sea cucumber, as a typical benthonic organism, habitually feeds sediments and generally has slow population turnover [2]. On the other hand, like fish and shrimp farming, the outbreak of diseases in sea cucumber farming is a crucial concern. Therefore, among the physiology, nutrition, and environmental factors affecting animal growth, the nutritional * Tongjun Ren [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, 52 Heishijiao Street, Dalian 116023, China
quality of the feed represents an essential factor. The immune system wh
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