Effects of biochar properties on the bioremediation of the petroleum-contaminated soil from a shale-gas field
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of biochar properties on the bioremediation of the petroleum-contaminated soil from a shale-gas field Hong-Yang Ren 1,2,3 & Zi-Jing Wei 1 & Yan Wang 1 & Yuan-Peng Deng 1 & Ming-Yu Li 1 & Bing Wang 1,2 Received: 25 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The characteristics of biochar carriers prepared from different biomass (corncob, straw, and sawdust) were investigated, and the bioremediation performance of the biochar through microbial immobilization was analyzed. Corncob biochar had the highest specific surface area (157.11–312.30 m2 g−1) among the different biomass, and the specific surface area and total pore volume reached the maximum at 500 °C. The pore size was primarily micropore, which aided to the fixation of microorganisms and the adsorption of petroleum pollutants. With increased pyrolysis temperature, the polar functional groups in biochar decreased, and the aromatic functional groups gradually increased, thereby benefiting the adsorption of hydrophobic organic compounds. Corncob biochar had the highest zeta potential, i.e., from − 30.95 to − 6.43 mV, conducive to the electrostatic adsorption between carrier and microorganism. The highest oil-removal and microbial-immobilization rates of biochar CC500 (with corncob pyrolyzed at 500 °C) were about 70.7% and 71.2%, respectively. A strong recovery of microbial growth activity was also observed; recovery was 83.38% compared with free bacteria, and the fixed microorganisms reached logarithmic-growth period at 8–18 h. Keywords Biochar . Microbe . Immobilization . Oil-removal rate . Pyrolysis temperature . Structure
Introduction With the development of the petroleum industry, soil pollution caused by oil leakage is gaining extensive research attention. Petroleum pollutants change the structure and properties of the soil, destroy the soil biological system, and enter the groundwater and surface water, which all greatly threaten the ecological environment (Lomza et al. 2016). As a national demonstration project of China, the Chang-Ning shale-gas field is an important shale-gas development region in China. In this country’s shell-gas drilling process, the oil-based drilling
Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu * Hong-Yang Ren [email protected] 1
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2
Petroleum China Key Laboratory of HSE, Research Laboratory of Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
3
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Collaborative Control and Remediation of Soil and Water Pollution, Chengdu 610059, China
mud made of base oil and other additional agents is extensively used and the base oil is refined using petroleum. Inadvertently, the local soil near the well site has been polluted because of the leakage of waste oil-based mud and oil-drilling cuttings during the drilling, transport and storage processes. Bioremediation is recognized as a clean soil treatment technology due t
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