Enhanced bioremediation of diesel range hydrocarbons in soil using biochar made from organic wastes
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Enhanced bioremediation of diesel range hydrocarbons in soil using biochar made from organic wastes Sadia Aziz & Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali & Uzma Farooq & Asif Jamal & Fang-Jing Liu & Huan He & Hongguang Guo & Michael Urynowicz & Zaixing Huang
Received: 31 March 2020 / Accepted: 2 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Hydrocarbon contamination due to anthropogenic activities is a major environmental concern worldwide. The present study focuses on biochar prepared from fruit and vegetable waste and sewage sludge using a thermochemical approach and its application for the enhanced bioremediation (biostimulation and bioaugmentation) of diesel-polluted soil. The biochar was
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08540-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. S. Aziz : M. I. Ali (*) : A. Jamal Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan e-mail: [email protected] U. Farooq Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan F. 70%. Bioaugmentation using cow dung further improved the removal efficiency to 82%. Treatments showing the highest degree of removal efficiency indicated the presence of 27 different bacteria phyla with Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria as the most abundant phyla. The present study concludes that biochar amendments have great potential for enhancing the bioremediation of soils contaminated with diesel range hydrocarbons. Keywords Biostimulation . Bioaugmentation . Pyrolysis . Hydrocarbon contamination . Solid waste management . Microbial analysis
Introduction Petroleum hydrocarbons are a major raw material for the production of many different products including fuels, synthetic polymers, and petrochemicals (Varjani et al. 2015). Hydrocarbon release due to anthropogenic activities is one of the major causes of water and soil pollution (Holliger et al. 1997; Srivastava et al. 2019). In a single incident, 67,535 tons of oil was accidentally released into the environment from the oil tanker
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Tasman Spirit, which was transporting Iranian light crude oil to a Pakistani refinery resulting in the contamination of 16 km of coastline. The consequences were that the fishery sector was badly disturbed, and the majority of the eastern coast mangroves seedlings were destroyed (Khurshid et al. 2008). Complex chemical structure, toxicity, recalcitrance, and water insolubility make petroleum hydrocarbons inaccessible to microorganisms which result in their increased persistence in the environments (Bamforth and Singleton 2005). On land, hydrocarbon contamination primarily affects the vegetative cover. Hydrocarbons block micropores in soil and inhibit the flow of air and water that are necessary for root growth and microbial processes in the soil, thereby disturbing metabolic processes (Y. Wang et al. 2013). In the soil ecosystem, hydrocarbons also inhibit enzyme activities. Contaminated soils tend to have high nu
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