Effects of BLT doping on electrical properties and relaxation behavior of BCZT-BLT ceramics

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Effects of BLT doping on electrical properties and relaxation behavior of BCZT-BLT ceramics Shun Luo1, De-Yi Zheng1,* 1

, Chong Zhang1, Yi Zhang1, and Bo Li1

College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China

Received: 4 August 2020

ABSTRACT

Accepted: 4 October 2020

The (1 - x)(Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.90Zi0.10)O3 - x(Bi0.50Li0.50)TiO3 [(1 - x)BCZT - xBLT, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%] lead-free ferroelectric samples were fabricated by a conventional solid-state sintering method and the effects of BLT addition on their microstructure, electrical properties, and dielectric relaxation behaviors have been investigated. Experimental results show that the BLT doping can dramatically reduce the sintering temperature of BCZT from 1540 °C to 1400 °C and enhance piezoelectric properties. Moreover, the XRD patterns show that the ceramics are with the perovskite structure, and no other impurity peaks are clearly observed. A certain number of block-shaped grains is seen from TE-SEM images and elements mapping exhibit that calcium and zirconium elements distribute unevenly. The temperature-dependent dielectric performance testing results present that all the samples possess obvious relaxation behavior. The ceramic sample is with an optimum performance at x = 0.2% of (1 - x)BCZT - xBLT, where d33 = 420pC/N, kp = 50%, er = 4134, tand = 0.015, Tc = 81.5 °C , and c = 1.76, respectively. Hence they could serve as a potential replacement for the lead-based piezoelectric ceramics.

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Springer Science+Business

Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

1 Introduction It is well known that piezoelectric materials can be used in various industrial areas, such as electromechanical actuators, sensors, ultrasonic transducers, and electro-optic devices, among which lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics are the most intensively utilized due to their excellent piezoelectric response [1]. However, the lead-based ceramics contain more than 60 wt. % lead, which volatilizes easily into the environment during sintering. The lead will cause environmental pollution and damage to human

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04614-x

health. In recent years, with the increasing awareness of environment protection, plenty of researchers have been trying to find an eco-friendly substitution to lead-based ceramics [2]. Therefore, it is essential to develop lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with highly piezoelectric properties. Recently, lead-free piezoelectric ceramics alternatives, including (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN), (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (BNT), BaTiO3 (BT) etc. and their solid solutions, have been studied [3–6]. Among all these piezoelectric materials, BaTiO3 (BT) has great research value, which includes tetragonal phase at room

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

temperature, high density, and low melting point oxides such as potassium-free sodium. But this poor piezoelectric performance still cannot completely replace the practical applications of lead-based piezoelectric c

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