Effects of carbamide pretreatment on product distribution and bio-oil composition from fast pyrolysis of pine powder
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Effects of carbamide pretreatment on product distribution and bio-oil composition from fast pyrolysis of pine powder Dongmei Bi 1 & Mei Jiang 1 & Xiaona Lin 1 & Fupeng Huang 1 & Shanjian Liu 1 Received: 17 April 2020 / Revised: 20 September 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The nitrogen-rich pyrolysis is a significant technique to improve the utilization and value addition of biomass. The bio-oil derived from the biomass nitrogen-rich pyrolysis is abundant in high-value nitrogenous compounds. Carbamide-pretreated pine powder was used to produce bio-oil through fast pyrolysis in this paper. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and the concentration of carbamide solution on the product distribution and the content of important compounds (e.g., phenols, amines, indoles, pyrroles) in pine powder–derived bio-oil were investigated. The results showed that the bio-char yield decreased as the concentration of carbamide solution increased. The highest bio-oil yield (51.8%) appeared at a temperature of 400 °C and an impregnated carbamide solution concentration of 10%. The contents of acids, ketones, and aldehydes in the bio-oil obtained by carbamide-impregnated pine powder significantly decreased while the content of phenols observably increased. Compared with the bio-oil derived from raw pine powder, there were various nitrogenous compounds generated in the bio-oil produced by carbamide-impregnated pine powder. As the concentration of carbamide solution increased, the varieties of nitrogenous compounds increased. Keywords Pyrolysis . Bio-oil . Nitrogenous compounds . Carbamide impregnation . Chemicals
1 Introduction Pyrolysis technology is a favorable mean to produce many high-value biomass-based products, including pyrolysis oil (tar or bio-oil), bio-char, and bio-gas (mainly consisting of CH4, CO, H2) by thermal decomposition of biomass in the absence of oxygen [1]. Previous studies have shown that the bio-oil produced by pyrolysis can be used for the production of high-value chemicals. Nitrogenous compounds are not only the core components of natural and synthetic drugs but also indispensable for bioactive compounds [2–4]. Meanwhile, some nitrogenous compounds such as amides are synthetic intermediates of many fine chemicals (drugs, pesticide, dyes, etc.) [5–7]. Thus, due to the low nitrogen content of agricultural waste (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass [8]), typical high nitrogen-containing biomasses (e.g., microalgae) have been used to produce nitrogenous compounds–rich bio-oil [9]. * Shanjian Liu [email protected] 1
School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
Kim et al. [10] carried out the pyrolysis of scenedesmus in a fluidized bed reactor and found that the obtained bio-oil contains a large amount of high-value nitrogenous compounds, such as nitriles, amides, amines, imines, and indoles. The introduction of exogenous nitrogen into the pyrolysis process of biomass is
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