Effects of extraction methods on antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from superfine powder Gy
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of extraction methods on antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from superfine powder Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino Bulei Wang 1 & Junfeng Niu 1 & Bingjie Mai 1 & Fangya Shi 1 & Meng Li 1 & Lijun Chen 1 & Pan Wang 1 & Quanhong Liu 1 Received: 25 May 2020 / Revised: 16 August 2020 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Backgroup Superfine grinding (SG) technology has attracted considerable attention in food and medicine researcher fields. Methods Polysaccharides in superfine powder of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino (GPP) were extracted using three methods, including hot water extraction (HWE), ultrasound-assisted hot extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted hot extraction (MAE), and the purified polysaccharides were specially denoted as GPWP, GPUP, and GPMP, respectively. The possible structures of polysaccharides were investigated by FT-IR, HPLC and SEM. In addition, the antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities were evaluated by in vitro radical-scavenging activity assay and immune cell functional evaluation. Results We observed that the yield of GPUP (20.31%) was relatively higher than that of GPWP (15.34%) and GPMP (16.96%). Among all products, GPWP exhibited the highest antioxidative activities against DPPH, hydroxyl, and superoxide anion radicals. GPWP could also preferably chelate Fe2+ and protect against the oxidative damage by increasing the cellular levels of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GSH-PX) and decreasing the content of oxidation product (MDA). Three polysaccharides presented some extent of immunoregulatory activity by promoting the phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophages and elevating the levels of NO, TNF-ɑ, and IL-6, and among which GPWP showed the best. Conclusion These results indicate that the HWE method is an excellent technique for extracting GPP with high bioactivities that would be suitable for various industrial applications.
Keywords Superfine grinding . Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino polysaccharides . Extraction methods . Antioxidant activity . Immunomodulatory activity
Bulei Wang and Junfeng Niu contributed equally to this work. Highlights • We prepared the superfine powder of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino. • G. pentaphyllum polysaccharides (GPP) were extracted and compared by three methods. • The polysaccharide by hot water extraction (HWE) showed stringer antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities • HWE method is an excellent technique for extracting high-activity GPP that are suitable for various industrial applications Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10719-020-09949-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Quanhong Liu [email protected]
1
National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Lif
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