Production of Valuable Chemicals and Fuel Molecules from Lignin Via Fast Pyrolysis: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Lignin is the second-most abundant compound in lignocellulosic biomass (up to 30% dry weight) and a major by-product of the pulp and paper industries. Even though it is projected as a primary source of renewable phenolic compounds, its complex and highly-
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Zhen Fang Richard L. Smith Lujiang Xu Editors
Production of Biofuels and Chemicals with Pyrolysis
Biofuels and Biorefineries Volume 10
Editor-in-Chief Zhen Fang, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China Editorial Board Members Jamal Chaouki, Polytechnique Montréal, Canada Liang-shih Fan, Ohio State University, USA John R. Grace, University of British Columbia, Canada Vijaya Raghavan, McGill University, Canada Yonghao Ni, University of New Brunswick, Canada Norman R. Scott, Cornell University, USA Richard L. Smith Jr, Tohoku University, Japan Ying Zheng, University of Edinburgh, UK
Aims and Scope of the series The Biofuels and Biorefineries Series aims at being a comprehensive and integrated reference for biomass, bioenergy, biofuels, and bioproducts. The Series provides leading global research advances and critical evaluations of methods for converting biomass into biofuels and chemicals. Scientific and engineering challenges in biomass production and conversion are covered that show technological advances and approaches for creating new bio-economies in a format that is suitable for both industrialists and environmental policy decision-makers The Biofuels and Biorefineries Series provides readers with clear and conciselywritten chapters that are peer-reviewed on significant topics in biomass production, biofuels, bio-products, chemicals, catalysts, energy policy, economics, thermochemical and processing technologies. The text covers major fields of plant science, green chemistry, economics and economy, biotechnology, microbiology, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and energy.
Series description Annual global biomass production is about 220 billion dry tons or 4,500 EJ, equivalent to 8.3 times the world’s energy consumption in 2014 (543 EJ). On the other hand, world-proven oil reserves at the end of 2011 reached 1652.6 billion barrels, which can only meet just over 50 years of global production. Therefore, alternative resources are needed to both supplement and replace fossil oils as the raw material for transportation fuels, chemicals and materials in petroleum-based industries. Renewable biomass is a likely candidate, because it is prevalent over the Earth and is readily converted to other products. Compared with coal, some of the advantages of biomass are: (i) its carbon-neutral and sustainable nature when properly managed; (ii) its reactivity in biological conversion processes; (iii) its potential to produce bio-oil (ca. yields of 75%) by fast pyrolysis because of its high oxygen content; (iv) its low sulphur and lack of undesirable contaminants (e.g. metals, nitrogen content) (v) its wide geographical distribution and (vi) its potential for creating jobs and industries in energy crop productions and conversion plants. Many researchers, governments, research institutions and industries are developing projects for converting biomass including forest woody and herbaceous biomass into chemicals, biofuels and materials and the race is on for creating new “biorefinery” processes needed for future
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