Effects of chocolate milk consumption on markers of muscle recovery following soccer training: a randomized cross-over s
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Effects of chocolate milk consumption on markers of muscle recovery following soccer training: a randomized cross-over study Research article
Stephanie F Gilson1, Michael J Saunders*1, Charles W Moran1, Rebecca W Moore2, Christopher J Womack1 and M Kent Todd1
Abstract Background: The efficacy of chocolate milk (CM) as a recovery beverage following a period of increased training duration (ITD) was studied in intercollegiate soccer players. Methods: 13 subjects completed one week of normal 'baseline' training followed by four days of ITD. After each day of ITD, subjects received either a high-carbohydrate (504 kcal; CHO: 122 g; 2 g Fat) or isocaloric CM (504 kcal; 84 g CHO; 28 g Pro; 7 g Fat) recovery beverage. Serum creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), muscle soreness, fatigue ratings and isometric quadriceps force (MVC) were obtained prior to ITD, and following 2- and 4-days of ITD. Performance tests (Tdrill, vertical jump) were performed within training sessions. Treatments were administered in a randomly counterbalanced protocol, and subjects repeated the procedures with the alternate beverage following a two-week washout period. Results: Mean daily training time and HR increased (p < 0.05) between baseline training and ITD, with no differences between treatments. No treatment*time effects were observed for Mb, muscle soreness, fatigue ratings and MVC. However, serum CK was significantly lower (p < 0.05) following four days of ITD with CM (316.9 ± 188.3 U·L-1) compared to CHO (431.6 ± 310.8 U·L-1). No treatment differences were observed for the performance tests. Conclusions: Post-exercise CM provided similar muscle recovery responses to an isocaloric CHO beverage during fourdays of ITD. Future studies should investigate if the attenuated CK levels observed with CM have functional significance during more demanding periods of training. Background The timing and composition of nutrient intake can significantly influence recovery from heavy exercise (i.e. [110]). Increased carbohydrate intake immediately following exercise results in faster rates of muscle glycogen replenishment [1,2] and can attenuate symptoms of overreaching during periods of intensified endurance training, such as negative mood states, increased perceived exertion, and impaired performance [3]. The addition of protein to post-exercise carbohydrate feedings can also influence recovery from heavy exercise. Carbohydrate and protein (CHO+Pro) supplementation has been * Correspondence: [email protected] 1
Department of Kinesiology, MSC 2302, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA 22807, USA
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
shown to attenuate markers of sarcolemmal disruption, such as creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin [4-10], reduce muscle soreness [6,7,11] and improve subsequent muscle function [5,10] compared to carbohydrate-only beverages, though not all studies have reported these effects [11-13]. In addition, CHO+Pro ingestion during recovery from heavy exercise has be
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