Effects of high intensity interval training and aging on cardiac muscle apoptosis markers in C57BL/6 Mice
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of high intensity interval training and aging on cardiac muscle apoptosis markers in C57BL/6 Mice Rahman Soori1 · Amine Ghram1,2 · Maryam Zare Shahneh1 · Siroos Choobineh1 · Pablo B. Costa3 · Fabrício A. Voltarelli4 Received: 28 February 2020 / Accepted: 26 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag Italia S.r.l., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Background Apoptosis is a specific form of programmed cell death that plays an important role in tissue homeostasis and also occurs during aging. In addition, exercise training may alter apoptosis-related signaling in muscles, including the cardiac muscle. However, the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on apoptosis markers in the heart have not yet been studied. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on Bcl-2 and Bax expression protein levels in young and old cardiac muscles. Methods Four and 24-month old C57BL/6J mice were used as our young adult and old groups, respectively. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups: young control (YC), young trained (YT), old control (OC), and old trained (OT). The trained groups performed HIIT 5 sessions per week for 4 weeks. RNA extraction and synthesis of cDNA was performed, and Bax and Bcl2 heart gene levels were determined by RT-PCR analysis. Results Training induced significant increases in Bcl-2 gene expression in YT group comparing to the YC group (p = 0.010) and in OT group comparing to OC group (p = 0.002). Training induced non-significant decrease (p > 0.05) in Bax gene expression and in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in YT group comparing to the YC group and in OT group comparing to OC group. Aging showed no significant effect in Bcl-2 gene expression, Bax gene expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in CY group comparing to the OC group and in YT group comparing to OT group (p > 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, 4 weeks of HIIT increased Bcl-2 level for young and old heart muscles, and no effect of aging was revealed, indicating that HIIT ameliorated anti-apoptotic signaling in the young and old heart of mice. Keywords Exercise · Age · Apoptosis · High-intensity interval training · Rat myocardium
Rahman Soori and Amine Ghram have contributed equally to this work. 1
* Amine Ghram [email protected]; [email protected]
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2
Maryam Zare Shahneh [email protected]
Department of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3
Siroos Choobineh [email protected]
Department of Kinesiology, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
4
Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
* Rahman Soori [email protected]
Pablo B. Costa [email protected] Fabrício A. Voltarelli [email protected]
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Introduction Aging is the functional deterioration of physiological integrity wh
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