Effects of Different Sample Pulverisation Methods on the Extraction of Metabolites from the Fermented Cottonseed Meal Ba
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Effects of Different Sample Pulverisation Methods on the Extraction of Metabolites from the Fermented Cottonseed Meal Based on UPLC‑Q‑TOF‑MS Yongqiang Wang1,2 · Hongbing Xie1 · Dongyang Liu1 · Yimin Wang1 · Changzhong Liu1 · Muhammad Akram Khan3 · Jinqing Jiang1 · Wenjv Zhang2 Received: 12 August 2019 / Accepted: 25 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The precondition of studying biological sample is to extract sample metabolites by the best pretreatment methods. There is already limited information about pretreatments of fermented feed metabolites. The study compared the extraction effects of different pulverisation methods used in the sample pretreatment process for the extraction of metabolites from cottonseed meal fermented by Lactobacillus acidophilus based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The extraction effects of three pretreatments (nonpulverisation (WF), pulverisation (F), and high-speed homogenisation methods (YJ)) were compared with the numbers of metabolites and the normalised peak areas of the metabolites. The results showed that the number of metabolites extracted with three pulverisation methods were 1745, 1896, 2132 (ESI+ mode) and 1447, 1675, 2073 (ESI− mode), respectively. The number of variable importance plot (VIP) metabolites and the relative peak areas of metabolites showed that the trend was YJ > F > WF. The extraction effect of high-speed homogenisation method was the best way to extract metabolites from the fermented cottonseed meal. This study built a foundation work for the further research of the fermented feed metabolomics.
Introduction Improvement in animal food quality according to the safety of people has increased the application of fermented feedstuff for animal production. However, the research on the metabolites from fermented feed is not systematic and deep enough. The development of metabolomics technology has enabled scientists to achieve more intuitive understanding of the complex biological system and its metabolites [1, 2], so it enables the study of complex fermented feed metabolites to become possible and interesting task now. As an essential * Jinqing Jiang [email protected] * Wenjv Zhang [email protected] 1
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, People’s Republic of China
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
part of the metabolomics study, sample pretreatment has a major effect on metabolite coverage [3]. Because of the complexity of the substrates in fermentation, and the intracellular and extracellular substances influencing the growth and development of organism during fermentation, both intracellular and extracellular metabolites have important effects on the results of a metabolomics study [4]. Therefore, the optimisation of sample pretreatment method
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