Effects of fuel types and fuel sulfur content on the characteristics of particulate emissions in marine low-speed diesel
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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ECOSYSTEMS
Effects of fuel types and fuel sulfur content on the characteristics of particulate emissions in marine low-speed diesel engine Feixiang Shen 1,2 & Xiaobo Li 2 Received: 25 September 2019 / Accepted: 24 November 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract The emission of particulate matter from ships does great harm to human health and atmospheric environment. Sulfur emission regulations also affect particulate matter emissions due to fuel change. Particulate matter (PM) emitted from low-speed, twostroke, large-power diesel engine were studied in test-bed experiments. Experiments were conducted at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% load with heavy fuel oil (HFO, 3.36%m/m S) and a lighter marine diesel oil (MDO, 0.1%m/m S). The experiments revealed that using MDO could decrease the mass emission factors (EFs) of PM compared to HFO due to the fuel quality and content; however, there was no obvious difference for the number EFs of PM. The main particle when using HFO consists sulfates and bound water, and the hydrate sulfur increased with the increased engine loads. Then, another 21% is organic carbon (OC). Emission factors for inorganic elements were also studied in particles from combustion of HFO and MDO. The EFs of OC and elemental carbon (EC) were affected by engine loads, fuel type, fuel sulfur content (FSC), and combustion conditions. The size distribution of OC was similar to EC, and there were two clearly peaks for every particulate matter sample. The key effect factor for EFs of PM with marine fossil fuels was FSC. Keywords Particulate matter . Marine diesel engine . Emission factors . Size distribution . Fuel sulfur content
Introduction The marine diesel engines with sulfur-containing heavy fuel oils (HFO) are the main serious pollutants sources destroying the public health and environment (Blasco et al. 2014; Corbett et al. 2007). The pollutants mainly include SO2, and PM depend on the quality of fuel (Johansson et al. 2013; Ntziachristos et al. 2016). NOx, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals are also the main harmful polluters (Sippula et al. 2014; Winnes and Fridell 2009, 2010). The gaseous PAH metals are usually attached to the surface of PM (Agrawal et al. 2008; Healy and Connor 2009). SO2 is only related to FSC; however, PM emission is influenced by the fuels type (MDO or HFO), loads (low or high), and Responsible Editor: Philippe Garrigues * Xiaobo Li [email protected] 1
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People’s Republic of China
2
Shanghai Marine Diesel Engine Research Institute, Shanghai 200090, People’s Republic of China
combustion conditions. The injection of fuel can affect the combustion conditions and it was the main reason (Agrawal et al. 2010; Kaivosoja et al. 2013; Lack et al. 2009). The elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) are the mainly harmful content emitted from marine diesel engines and those carbonaceous matters are affected by engine load and fuel qua
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