Effects of Greek legume plant extracts on xanthine oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of Greek legume plant extracts on xanthine oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities Chrysoula I. Spanou & Aristidis S. Veskoukis & Dimitrios Stagos & Kalliopi Liadaki & Nectarios Aligiannis & Apostolos Angelis & Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis & Maria Anastasiadi & Serkos A. Haroutounian & Dimitrios Kouretas
Received: 17 November 2010 / Accepted: 1 September 2011 / Published online: 8 October 2011 # University of Navarra 2011
Abstract Legumes are considered to have beneficial health implications, which have been attributed to their phytochemical content. Polyphenols are considered the most important phytochemical compounds extensively studied for their antioxidant properties. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of potent antioxidant legume plant extracts on xanthine oxidase (XO), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. XO exerts a dual role, as it is the major contributor of free radicals during exercise while it generates uric acid, the most potent antioxidant molecule in plasma. CAT and SOD are two of the main enzymes of the antioxidant defence of tissues. We demonstrate that the majority of the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13105-011-0117-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. C. I. Spanou : A. S. Veskoukis : D. Stagos : K. Liadaki : D. Kouretas (*) Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, 41221 Larissa, Greece e-mail: [email protected] N. Aligiannis : A. Angelis : A.-L. Skaltsounis Division of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens, Greece M. Anastasiadi : S. A. Haroutounian Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
extracts inhibited XO activity, but they had no effect on CAT inhibition and SOD induction when used at low concentrations. These results imply that the tested extracts may be considered as possible source of novel XO inhibitors. However, we have shown that allopurinol administration, a known XO inhibitor, before exercise reduces performance and induces oxidative stress in rats. Considering the fact that the extracts examined had an inhibitory effect on XO activity, possibly posing a restriction in their characterization as antioxidants, phytochemical antioxidant administration before exercise should probably be reconsidered. Keywords Antioxidant enzymes . Xanthine oxidase . Legumes . Plant extracts
Introduction In recent years, a lot of research has been done regarding the beneficial health implications of antioxidant compounds derived from food and fruit of Mediterranean diet [34]. Consumption of legumes is considered crucial in the Mediterranean diet, especially for their high protein content [24]. Although the high nutritive value of legumes is undoubtful [24], there is relatively little information on their phytochemical content [7]. Legumes are considered to have beneficial health implications preventing diseases such as
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