Molecular analysis and bioinformatic characterization of cooper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn- sod ) gene of Caiman
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular analysis and bioinformatic characterization of cooper, zinc‑superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn‑sod) gene of Caiman latirostris E. V. Paravani1 · L. M. Odetti2,3 · M. F. Simoniello2 · G. L. Poletta2,3,4 Received: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that acts as a component of first-line defense system against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Copper/Zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) is one of the isoforms of SOD enzyme and is sensitive to the exposure of different environmental factors, in different species and tissues. Caiman latirostris is one of the two crocodilian species living in Argentina and no information is available on the molecular and biochemical characteristics of the Cu/Zn-sod gene in this species. In the present work, we reported the presence of the Cu/Zn-sod gene in C. latirostris, the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the modelled protein structure, evolutionary distance among species and tissue specific expression patterns. Cu/Zn-sod gene was 620 bp open reading frame in length and encoded 178 amino acids. The nucleotide sequences of C. latirostris shared high similarity with the Cu/Zn-sod genes of other crocodilian species, so it showed to be highly conserved. PCR analysis showed that Cu/Zn-sod gene was expressed in all the tissues examined (liver, gonads, spleen, heart, and whole blood), suggesting a constitutively expressed gene in these tissues. This study allows further investigation into the structure-activity relationship and the mechanism of action of Cu/Zn-SOD, besides exploring the functional breadth and possible alteration factors, including xenobiotics. Keywords Reactive oxygen species · Antioxidant enzyme · mRNA expression · Xenobiotics
Introduction Crocodilians (alligators, caimans, crocodiles, gharials) are integral part of wetlands all over the world [1]. These animals have the particularity of experience long periods of * L. M. Odetti [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Ruta 11 km 10, 3101 Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
2
Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, FBCB‑UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, CC 242 Paraje El Pozo S/N, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
3
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ CABA, Argentina
4
Proyecto Yacaré-Lab. de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias Universidad Nacional del Litoral/Ministerio de Medio Ambiente), Av. Aristóbulo del Valle 8700, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina
diving, with reports between 20 and 45 min [2, 3]. During a long period of immersion, hypoxia can occur in some tissues. When crocodiles finish diving, they have the ability to restore their normal functions in all tissues [4]. These situations produce high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and as a consequence, physiologica
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